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| | 內侍省: |
天文有宦者四星，在帝座之西。周官有宮正、宮伯、宮人、內宰、閽人、寺人。戰國時，有宦者令。秦少府屬官有中書謁者令、丞。又有將行、衛尉、少府各一人。漢景帝中元六年，改將行為大長秋。或用中人，或用士人。成帝加置太僕一人，掌太后輿馬，通謂之皇太后卿，皆隨太后宮為官號，在正卿上，無太后則闕。又有長信詹事，掌皇太后宮。景帝六年，更名長信少府。平帝元始四年，更名長樂少府。帝祖母稱長信宮，帝母稱長樂宮，故有長信少府、長樂少府，職如長秋，位在長秋上，及職吏皆宦者也。後漢常用宦者，職掌奉宣中宮命，凡給賜族親，當謁見者關通之，中宮出則從。屬官有丞、中宮僕、謁者、私府署令。初，秦又置中常侍官，參用士人，皆銀璫左貂，給事殿省。漢制，置侍中、中常侍各一人，省尚書事，黃門侍郎一人，傳發書奏，皆用姓族。後漢中常侍贊導內事，顧問應對。永平中，始定員數，中常侍四人，小黃門十人。自明帝以後，員數稍增，改以金璫右貂，兼領卿署之職。自和熹太后以女主稱制，不接公卿，乃以閹人為常侍、小黃門，通命兩宮，自此以來，悉用閹人，不調他士。自安迄桓，權任尤重，手握王爵，口含天憲。桓帝既與宦官謀誅梁冀，乃封宦者五人，同日為侯，皆食邑，故世號「五侯」焉。及袁紹大誅宦者之後，永巷、掖庭復用士人，閫闈出入，莫有禁切，侍中、侍郎、門部騶宰，中外雜錯，醜聲彰聞。魏改漢制，太后三卿在九卿下；晉復舊，在同號卿上，有后則置，無后則闕。齊鬱林王立，文安太后即尊號，以宮名置宣德衛尉、少府、太僕。梁有弘訓太后，亦置屬官。陳亦有太后三卿。後魏大長秋掌顧問應對，自文明馮后，閹官用事，大者令、僕，小者卿、守。北齊有中侍中省，置中侍中二人，中常侍四人，掌出入門閤。又有長秋寺，置卿、中尹各一人，掌諸宮閤，領掖庭等令，並用宦者。後周有司內上士、小司內中士、巷伯中士等官。隋曰內侍省，領內侍、內常侍等官。煬帝改內侍省為長秋監，置令一人，少令一人，丞二人，並用士人，餘用宦者，領掖庭、宮闈、奚官三署，亦參用士人。大唐武德初，改為內侍省，皆用宦者。龍朔二年，改為內侍監，咸亨元年復舊。光宅元年，改為司宮臺，神龍元年復舊。有內侍四人，內常侍六人，屬官有內給事八人，內謁者監六人，內寺伯二人，寺人六人，領掖庭、宮闈、奚官、內僕、內府等五局。 |
| | There are four stars of officials in the heavens, located west of the Emperor's seat. The Zhou dynasty had officials known as Gongzheng and Gongbo; Gongren, Neizai, Huren, Siren. During the Warring States period, there was an official known as Huanzhe Ling. During the Qin dynasty, among the subordinates of the Shaofu there were officials known as Zhongshuyezheling and Cheng (deputy). There was also one each of Jiangxing, Weiwei, and Shaofu. In the sixth year of the Zhongyuan era of Emperor Jing of Han, Jiangxing was changed to Dachangqiu. Sometimes eunuchs were appointed, sometimes literati. Emperor Cheng added the position of Taifu, one person in charge of the Empress Dowager's carriages and horses. They were generally referred to as the Minister to the Grand Empress Dowager. These officials took their titles according to the palace where the Empress Dowager resided; they ranked above regular ministers but remained vacant when there was no Empress Dowager. There was also a Zhangxin Zhanshi in charge of the palace of the Grand Empress Dowager (Huangtaihou). In the sixth year of Emperor Jing's reign, it was renamed Zhangxin Shaofu. In the fourth year of Yuanshi during Emperor Ping's reign, it was changed again to Changle Shaofu. The emperor's paternal grandmother was referred to as the Changxin Palace, and his mother as the Changle Palace; therefore, there were positions of Changxin Shaofu and Changle Shaofu, whose duties were similar to those of Changqiu. These officials ranked above Changqiu, and all their subordinates were eunuchs. In the Later Han dynasty, eunuchs were commonly used. Their duties included conveying orders from the Empress Dowager; whenever relatives received imperial gifts or needed to pay homage and be granted an audience, they would handle the arrangements. When the Empress Dowager went out, these eunuchs would accompany her. Subordinate officials included Cheng (deputy), Zhonggong Pu (Imperial Palace Steward), Yezhe, and Sifu Shu Ling (Director of the Private Treasury Office). Initially, during the Qin dynasty, there was also an official position known as Zhongchangshi. Both literati and eunuchs were used for this role; they all wore silver tongs on their hats and left sable fur on their robes, serving in the palace halls. Under Han dynasty regulations, one each of Shizhong and Zhongchangshi were appointed to oversee the Secretariat. One Huangmen Shilang was also assigned to transmit and issue memorials; these positions were all filled by members of prominent families. In the Later Han, Zhongchangshi assisted in internal affairs, provided advice, and responded to inquiries. During the Yongping period, official quotas were first established: four Zhongchangshi. Ten Xiaohuangmen. Since Emperor Ming, the number of officials gradually increased; they were changed to wear gold tongs and right sable fur on their hats, and also took charge of certain ministerial offices. Since Empress Dowager He Xi, who ruled as a female regent and did not personally meet with high-ranking officials, eunuchs were appointed as Changshi and Xiaohuangmen to convey orders between the two palaces. From then on, these positions were exclusively filled by eunuchs, without ever appointing others from outside. From Emperor An to Emperor Huan, their power and authority became especially heavy; they held the granting of royal titles in their hands and wielded imperial decrees with their words. Emperor Huan, having conspired with eunuchs to execute Liang Ji, then bestowed titles on five eunuchs: They were all enfeoffed as marquises on the same day, each receiving a fief; thus, they became known in later generations as the "Five Marquises." After Yuan Shao executed a large number of eunuchs, the Yongxiang and Yeting offices once again employed literati. The gates of the palace were no longer strictly controlled; officials such as Shizhong, Shilang, and men from the gate departments became mixed between court insiders and outsiders, leading to widespread disgraceful conduct and notorious reputations. The state of Wei revised Han dynasty regulations; the three ministers in charge of the Empress Dowagers ranked below the Nine Ministers; the Jin dynasty restored the old system, placing them above ministers with identical titles. These positions were established when there was an Empress and remained vacant otherwise. When Qi's Yulin Wang ascended the throne, Empress Dowager Wen'an assumed her title; officials were appointed according to palace names: Xuande Weiwei, Shaofu, and Taifu. The Liang dynasty had Empress Dowager Hongxun, who also established subordinate officials. The Chen dynasty also had three ministers for the Empress Dowager. In the Later Wei, Dachangqiu was in charge of advising and responding to inquiries. Since Empress Feng Wenming, eunuchs held power; the most important were Ling (commander) and Pu (steward), while lesser ones served as Qing (minister) or Shou (assistant minister). The Northern Qi dynasty had a Zhongshizhong Sheng (Central Attendant Office), where two Zhongshizhongs and four Zhongchangshis were appointed, in charge of controlling the palace gates. There was also a Changqiu Si (Changqiu Temple), where one Qing and one Zhongyin were appointed, in charge of all palace gates; they oversaw officials such as the Yeting Ling. These positions were all held by eunuchs. The Later Zhou dynasty had official posts such as Sinei Shangshi, Xiao Sinei Zhongshi, and Xiangbo Zhongshi. In the Sui dynasty, it was called Neishi Sheng (Inner Attendant Office), which oversaw officials such as Neishi and Neichangshi. Emperor Yang changed the Neishi Sheng to Changqiu Jian, appointing one Ling (director), one Shaoling (deputy director), and two Cheng (assistants). These positions were filled by literati; other roles used eunuchs. It oversaw three offices: Yeting, Gongwei, and Xiguan, which also occasionally employed literati. At the beginning of the Wude era in the Tang dynasty, it was changed back to Neishi Sheng, and all positions were filled by eunuchs. In the second year of Longshuo, it was changed to Neishi Jian; in the first year of Xianheng, the old name was restored. In the first year of Guangzai, it was changed to Sigong Tai; in the first year of Shenlong, the original name was restored. There were four Neishi; Six Neichangshi; Subordinate officials included eight Neigeishi, six Neiyazhijian, two Neisibai, and six Siren. They oversaw five offices: Yeting, Gongwei, Xiguan, Neipu, and Neifu.
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內給事：周禮內小臣之職，掌王后之命，后出入，前驅。後漢少府有給事黃門，掌侍左右，止在內宮，關通中外及中宮以下眾事。自魏晉至於梁陳無其職。後魏有中給事中，後改為中給事。北齊中侍中省有中給事中四人。煬帝改為內承直。大唐復為內給事，置八人。 |
| | Neigeishi: This was the duty of Neixiaochen in Zhou Li (Rites of Zhou), responsible for conveying orders from the Empress, and leading the way when she entered or left. In the Later Han dynasty's Shaofu, there was a position called Geishi Huangmen, responsible for attending to the emperor on both sides; they remained within the inner palace and handled communication between the court and outside as well as various matters under the Empress Dowager. From the Wei and Jin dynasties up to the Liang and Chen dynasties, this position was not established. The Later Wei had Zhonggeishi Zhong; later it was changed to Zhonggeishi. In the Northern Qi dynasty, the Zhongshizhong sheng had four Zhonggeishizhong. Emperor Yang changed it to Neichengzhi. In the Tang dynasty, this was restored as Neigeishi and eight officials were appointed.
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內謁者：後漢大長秋屬官有中宮謁者三人，主報中章。後魏、北齊有中謁者僕射。隋內侍省有內謁者監六人，內謁者十二人。大唐因之。 |
| | Neiyazhe: In the Later Han dynasty, under Dachangqiu there were three Zhonggong Yezhe responsible for reporting official documents from within the palace. The Later Wei and Northern Qi dynasties had Zhongyazhe Puye (Minister of Central Eunuchs). In the Sui dynasty's Neishi Sheng, there were six Neiyazhijian and twelve Neiyazhe. The Tang dynasty followed this system.
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內寺伯：周禮寺人，掌王之內人及女宮之戒令。隋內侍省有內寺伯二人。大唐因之。 |
| | Neisibai: In Zhou Li, Siren were in charge of the king's inner attendants and the regulations for female palace staff. In the Sui dynasty's Neishi Sheng there were two Neisibai. The Tang dynasty followed suit.
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掖庭局令：秦置永巷，漢武更名掖庭，置令，掌宮人簿帳、公桑、養蠶及女工等事。後漢掖庭令掌後宮貴人采女，又有永巷令，典官婢，皆宦者，並屬少府。大唐置二人。 |
| | Yetingju Ling: The Qin dynasty established Yongxiang, which was renamed Yeting by Emperor Wu of Han. A Ling (director) was appointed to oversee records and accounts of palace attendants, mulberry cultivation, silkworm raising, and other matters related to female labor. In the Later Han dynasty, Yeting Ling was in charge of noble ladies and female attendants in the inner palace. There was also a Yongxiang Ling who managed palace maids; both positions were held by eunuchs and belonged to the Shaofu (Ministry of Imperial Household). The Tang dynasty appointed two officials.
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宮闈局：令二人。隋置令，掌宮內門閤之禁及出納神主，并內給使名帳、糧廩事。大唐因之。 |
| | Gongweiju: Two Ling (directors). The Sui dynasty established the position of Ling, in charge of palace gate security and access control, as well as the storage and retrieval of ancestral tablets. They also managed records of palace attendants and their rations. The Tang dynasty followed this practice.
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奚官局：令二人。齊、梁、陳、隋有奚官署令，掌守宮人、使藥、疾病、罪罰、喪葬等事。大唐置二人。 |
| | Xiguanju: Two Ling (directors). The Qi, Liang, Chen, and Sui dynasties had Xiguan Shu Ling in charge of guarding palace attendants, managing medicines, handling illnesses, punishments, funerals, and other related matters. The Tang dynasty appointed two persons to this position.
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內僕局：令二人。後漢有中宮僕，掌車輿、雜畜及導等。大唐置二人。 |
| | Neipuju: Two Ling (directors). In the Later Han dynasty there was a Zhonggong Pu, in charge of carriages, miscellaneous livestock, and attendants. The Tang dynasty appointed two people to this position.
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內府局：令二人。漢有內者局令。隋曰內者。大唐為內府，置令二人，掌內庫出納、帳設、澡沐等。 |
| | Neifuju: Two Ling (directors). The Han dynasty had the position of Neizheju Ling. In the Sui dynasty, it was called Neizhe. In the Tang dynasty, it became known as Neifu (Inner Treasury), with two Ling appointed to oversee the storage and distribution of palace treasures, record-keeping, and bathing arrangements.
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少府，秦官。漢因之，是為九卿，掌山海池澤之稅，以給供養。後漢少府卿一人，掌中服御之諸物，衣服、寶貨、珍膳之屬，朝賀則給璧。凡中書謁者，尚書令、僕，侍中，中常侍，黃門，御史中丞以下皆屬焉。晉制，銀章青綬，五時朝服，進賢兩梁冠，絳朝服，佩水蒼玉。哀帝末，省并丹陽尹，孝武復置。宋少府領左右尚方、御府、東冶、南冶、平準等令、丞。齊又加領左右銀鍛署。梁少府為夏卿，位視尚書左、右丞。陳因之。後魏少府謂之六卿，至孝文太和中，易制官品，遂改少府為太府。北齊無少府，其尚方等署皆隸太府。至隋煬帝大業五年，又分太府為少府監，置監及少監，復領尚方、織染等署，後又改監、少監並為令。大唐武德初，置軍器監，廢少府監。貞觀元年五月，分太府中尚坊、織染坊、掌冶坊署，置少府監。龍朔二年，改為內府監，咸亨元年復舊。光宅元年，改為尚方監，神龍元年復舊。監一人，少監二人，領中尚、左尚、右尚、織染、掌冶等五署。 |
| | Shaofu was an official post established during the Qin dynasty. The Han dynasty followed this system, and thus it became one of the Nine Ministers (Jiuqing). The Shaofu was in charge of taxes from mountains, seas, pools, and marshes to provide for official expenses. In the Later Han dynasty, there was one Shaofu Qing (Minister of the Shaofu), who was in charge of various items for imperial use, including clothing, treasures, and delicacies. During court ceremonies or congratulatory visits, jade discs were provided. All officials such as the Zhongshu Yezhe, Shangshu Ling and Pu, Shizhong, Zhongchangshi, Huangmen, Yu Shi Zhongcheng, and those of lower rank all fell under its jurisdiction. In the Jin dynasty system, the official wore a silver seal and green silk sash (qingshou), five-style court robes for morning audiences, the Jinxian Liangliang Guan cap with two beams, crimson court robes, and was adorned with Qingyu jade. At the end of Emperor Aidi's reign, it was abolished and merged into the Danyang Yin post; Emperor Xiaowu later reinstated it. In the Song dynasty, the Shaofu oversaw officials such as Zuo You Shangfang, Yufu, Dongye, Nanye, Pingzhun, and their respective Lings (commanders) and Chengs (deputy commanders). The Qi dynasty further added the Zuo You Yinduan Shu to its jurisdiction. In the Liang dynasty, the Shaofu was considered a Xia Qing (a high-ranking official), and held a status equivalent to that of the Shangshu Zuo Cheng or You Cheng. The Chen dynasty followed this system. In the Northern Wei dynasty, the Shaofu was referred to as one of the Six Qing officials. During the reign of Emperor Xiaowen in the Taihe period, when official ranks were reorganized, the Shaofu was renamed Taifu. The Northern Qi dynasty did not have a Shaofu; all offices such as Shangfang were subordinated to the Taifu. In the fifth year of Emperor Yangdi's Daye period in the Sui dynasty, the Taifu was once again divided into Shaofu Jian (Supervision Office), with positions for Jian and Shaojian established. It resumed jurisdiction over offices such as Shangfang and Zhi Ran. Later, these posts were changed from Jian and Shaojian to Ling (commander). At the beginning of Emperor Gaozu's Wude period in the Tang dynasty, a Junqi Jian (Office for Military Equipment) was established and the Shaofu Jian was abolished. In May of the first year of Zhenyuan, the Zhongshang Fang, Zhi Ran Fang, and Zhangye Fang offices under Taifu were divided to reestablish the Shaofu Jian. In the second year of Longshuo, it was renamed Neifu Jian; in the first year of Xianheng, its original name was restored. In the first year of Guangzai, it was changed to Shangfang Jian; in the first year of Shenlong, its original name was restored again. One Jian (supervisor), Two Shaojian (deputy supervisors), It oversaw five offices: Zhongshang, Zuoshuang, Youshang, Zhiran, and Zhangye.
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丞：漢有六人，後漢省五，而有一丞，其後歷代皆一人。大唐置四人。 |
| | Cheng (deputy): In the Han dynasty, there were six; in the Later Han, five were abolished, leaving one Cheng. After that, throughout later dynasties, there was always only one. In the Tang dynasty, four were appointed.
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主簿：晉置二人，自後歷代一人，大唐有二人。 |
| | Zhubu (clerk): In the Jin dynasty, two were appointed; after that, in later dynasties there was always one. In the Tang dynasty, however, there were two.
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中尚署：周官為玉府。秦置尚方令，漢因之。後漢主作手工作、御刀劍、玩好器物及寶玉作器。兩漢又有考工令，主作兵器，其職稍同。漢末分尚方為中、左、右三尚方。魏晉因之，自過江，唯置一尚方，哀帝以隸丹陽尹。宋武帝踐祚，以相府作部配臺，謂之左尚方，而本署謂之右尚方，並掌造軍器。又以相府細作配臺，即其名置令一人，隸門下。孝武大明中，改曰御府。後廢帝初，省御府，置中署，隸右尚方。則漢之考工令如宋之尚方令，尚方令如宋中署矣。齊置左右尚方令各一人。梁有中、左、右尚方。北齊亦三尚方，隸太府。隋煬帝分隸少府。大唐省「方」字，有中、左、右三尚署，令、丞各一人。 |
| | Zhongshang Shu: The Zhou dynasty office corresponded to Yufu. The Qin dynasty established the position of Shangfang Ling, and the Han dynasty followed this practice. In the Later Han dynasty, it was responsible for overseeing manual craftsmanship, imperial swords and blades, ornamental objects, and the crafting of treasures and jade. During both the Western and Eastern Han dynasties, there was also a Kaogong Ling (Minister of Artificers), who oversaw the production of weapons; his duties were somewhat similar. At the end of the Han dynasty, Shangfang was divided into Zhongshangfang, Zuoshangfang, and Youshangfang. The Wei and Jin dynasties followed this system; after crossing the river (referring to southern migration), only one Shangfang was established, and during Emperor Aidi's reign it came under Danyang Yin. When Emperor Wu of the Song dynasty ascended the throne, he assigned the Zuibu (construction department) from his prime ministerial office to the central government and called it Zuoshangfang. The original office was then known as Youshangfang; both were responsible for manufacturing military equipment. Additionally, the Xizuo (fine crafts) department from the prime minister's office was assigned to the central government; a Ling (commander) was appointed for this post and placed under the Menxia. During Emperor Xiaowu's Daming period, it was renamed Yufu. At the beginning of Emperor Hou Feidi's reign, Yufu was abolished and a Zhongshu office was established instead, placed under Youshangfang. Thus, the Han dynasty's Kaogong Ling corresponded to the Song dynasty's Shangfang Ling; and the Shangfang Ling in turn corresponded to the Zhongshu of the Song. The Qi dynasty established one Zuo Shangfang Ling and one You Shangfang Ling each. The Liang dynasty had Zhongshangfang, Zuoshangfang, and Youshangfag. The Northern Qi also had three Shangfang offices, all subordinate to the Taifu. During Emperor Yangdi's reign in the Sui dynasty, they were divided and placed under Shaofu. In the Tang dynasty, the character "fang" was omitted from their names; there were three offices: Zhongshang Shu, Zuoshang Shu, and Youshang Shu. Each had one Ling (commander) and one Cheng (deputy commander).
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織染署：令一人。周禮天官典絲掌受文織綵組焉，染人掌染絲帛。秦置平準令。漢因之，及主物價、練染。初，少府屬官有東織、西織，成帝省東織，更名西織為織室。北齊中，尚方領涇州、雍州絲局、定州細綾局丞。後周有司織下大夫。隋有司織、司染二署，煬帝合為織染一署，令掌織紝組綬、綾錦、冠幘，并染色等。大唐因之，有令、丞。 |
| | Zhiran Shu: one Ling (commander). According to the Rites of Zhou, under Tian Guan, Diansi was in charge of receiving and managing colored silk threads and patterns, while Ran Ren managed dyeing silk and cloth. The Qin dynasty established a Pingzhun Ling (commander of the Price Equalization Office). The Han dynasty followed this practice, and the office also oversaw commodity prices and silk processing and dyeing. Initially, the Shaofu had subordinate offices of Dongzhi and Xizhi. Emperor Chengdi abolished Dongzhi and renamed Xizhi as Zhishi. During the Northern Qi dynasty, Shangfang oversaw the Cheng of silkworm bureaus in Jingzhou and Yongzhou, as well as the fine brocade bureau in Dingzhou. The Later Zhou had a Si Zhi Xia Dafu (Junior Official for Textile Affairs). The Sui dynasty had two offices: Si Zhi and Si Ran. Emperor Yangdi merged them into one Zhiran Shu, with the Ling (commander) overseeing silk thread production for sashes and ribbons, brocade, hats, head coverings, as well as dyeing processes. The Tang dynasty followed this system and established the positions of Ling (commander) and Cheng (deputy).
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| | 少府監: |
掌冶署：秦及漢郡國有鐵官。晉冶令掌工徒鼓鑄，隸衛尉。江左以來省衛尉，始隸少府。宋有東冶、南冶，各置令、丞，而屬少府。齊因之。江南諸郡縣有鐵者，或置冶令，或置冶丞，多是吳所置。梁、陳有東、西冶。北齊諸冶屬太府。後周有冶工、鐵工中士。隋有掌冶署令、丞。大唐於京師置冶署，有令、丞各一人，掌造鑄金銀銅鐵，塗飾琉璃玉作等事。 |
| | Zhangye Shu: During the Qin and Han dynasties, iron officials were stationed in various commanderies and states. In the Jin dynasty, the Ye Ling (foundry commander) was responsible for managing laborers in casting operations and reported to the Weiyi. Since the migration southward (Jiangzuo), the Weiyi office was abolished, and it began to fall under the Shaofu instead. The Song dynasty had Dongye and Nanye, each with its own Ling (commander) and Cheng. Both were subordinate to the Shaofu. The Qi dynasty followed this system. In various commanderies and counties in the Jiangnan region where iron was produced, some established Ye Ling (foundry commanders) while others set up Ye Cheng (deputy foundry officials), most of which were originally established by Wu. The Liang and Chen dynasties had Dongye and Xiyue. In the Northern Qi dynasty, all foundries were subordinate to Taifu. The Later Zhou had Zhongshi (middle-ranking officials) for Ye Gong and Tie Gong (foundry workers and ironworkers). In the Sui dynasty, there were Ling (commanders) and Cheng (deputies) of Zhangye Shu. In the Tang dynasty, a Ye Shu (Foundry Office) was established in the capital city, with one Ling and one Cheng each. They were responsible for casting gold, silver, copper, and iron, as well as decorating glass, jade, and other items.
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| | 少府監: |
暴室丞，海丞，果丞。 |
| | Baoshi Cheng: Haicheng: Guo Cheng.
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| | 將作監: |
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| | 將作監: |
今將作，亦少皞氏以五雉為五工正，以利器用。唐虞共工，周官考工之官，蓋其職也。秦有將作少府，掌治宮室。漢景帝中元六年，更名將作大匠。後漢位次河南尹，中元二年省，以謁者領之。章帝建初元年，復置。初以任隗為之，掌修作宗廟、路寢、宮室、陵園木土之功，并樹桐梓之類列於道側。魏晉因之。江左至宋、齊，皆有事則置，無事則省。而梁改為大匠卿，陳因之。後魏亦有之。北齊有將作寺，其官曰大匠。後周有匠師中大夫，掌城郭宮室之制；又有司木中大夫，掌木工之政令。隋與北齊同，至開皇二十年，改寺為監，大匠為大監，初加置副監。煬帝改大監、少監為大匠、少匠，五年，又改為大監、少監；十三年，又改大令、少令。大唐復皆為匠。龍朔二年，改將作為繕工監，咸亨元年復舊。光宅元年，改為營繕監，神龍元年復舊。大匠一人，少匠二人。天寶中，改大匠為大監，少匠為少監，領左校、右校、甄官、中校四署。 |
| | Now, the Office of Works also follows Shaogao Shi's system by appointing five officials in charge of five crafts using five types of birds, to ensure the proper use of tools and equipment. The officials of Gonggong in the Tang and Yu periods, as well as the official of Kaogong in the Zhou dynasty, were probably responsible for these duties. In the Qin dynasty there was the Office of Works Shaofu, which was in charge of constructing palaces and houses. In the sixth year of the Zhongyuan era of Emperor Jing of Han (144 BC), it was renamed to Office of Works Dajiang. In the Later Han dynasty, its rank came after that of Henan Yinyi; in the second year of the Zhongyuan period (143 AD), it was abolished and managed by a Yezhe official. In the first year of the Jianchu era of Emperor Zhang (76 AD), it was reestablished. Initially, Ren Wei was appointed to this position, in charge of repairing and constructing ancestral temples, palaces, tombs, and other wooden or earth structures, as well as planting trees such as paulownia and camphor along the roadsides. The Wei and Jin dynasties followed this system. In the southern dynasties from the Jiangzuo period to the Song and Qi, it was established only when necessary and abolished otherwise. The Liang dynasty changed it to Dajiang Qing, and the Chen dynasty followed this practice. The Later Wei also had this office. In the Northern Qi dynasty, there was a Temple of Works (Jiangzuo Si), and its official title was Dajiang. In the Later Zhou dynasty there was a Jiangshi Zhongdafa, who was in charge of regulations concerning city walls and palace buildings; there was also a Simu Zhongdafa, responsible for administrative orders related to carpentry work. The Sui dynasty followed the system of the Northern Qi, and in the twentieth year of Kaihuang (590 AD), it changed the Temple to a Supervisory Office, renamed Dajiang as Dajian, and initially added an assistant supervisor. Emperor Yang changed the titles of Dajian and Shaojian back to Dajiang and Shaojiang, but in the fifth year (609 AD), they were again renamed as Dajian and Shaodian; in the thirteenth year (617 AD), they were once more changed to Daling and Shaoling. The Great Tang dynasty restored them all as Jiang. In the second year of Longshuo (662 AD), the Office of Works was renamed to Shangong Jian, In the first year of Xianhen (670 AD), it reverted to its original title. In the first year of Guangzai (684 AD), it was changed to Yingshuan Jian, and in the first year of Shenlong (705 AD) it reverted to its former title. One Dajiang, Two Shaojiang. During the Tianbao period, Dajiang was renamed to Dajian and Shaojiang to Shaodian, overseeing four offices: Zuoxiao, Youxiao, Zhen Guan, and Zhongxiao.
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| | 將作監: |
丞：漢有二人，後漢一人，魏晉因之。東晉以後，有事則置，無事則省。梁又置一人，陳因之。後魏有之。北齊四人。後周曰匠師中士。隋二人。大唐四人。 |
| | Cheng: In the Han dynasty there were two officials; in the Later Han one official; the Wei and Jin dynasties continued this practice. After the Eastern Jin, it was established when necessary and abolished otherwise. The Liang dynasty again appointed one official, which the Chen dynasty followed. The Later Wei also had it. In the Northern Qi there were four officials. In the Later Zhou, it was called Jiangshi Zhongshi. Two in the Sui dynasty. Four in the Great Tang dynasty.
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| | 將作監: |
主簿：晉置，自後與丞同。隋二人，大唐因之。 |
| | Zhubu: Established during the Jin dynasty, afterward it was on par with Cheng. Two in the Sui; the Great Tang followed this practice.
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| | 將作監: |
左、右校署：秦及漢初有左、右、前、後、中五校令，後唯置左、右校令。後漢因之，掌左、右工徒。魏併左校、右校於材官。晉左、右校屬少府。宋以後並有左校令、丞。北齊亦有之。隋左右校令、丞屬將作，大唐因之。左校署令、丞二人。右校署令、丞二人。 |
| | Zuoxiao and Youxiao Offices: In the Qin dynasty and early Han, there were five commandants of Zuoxiao, Youxiao (Right Commandant), Qianxiao (Front Commandant), Houxiao (Rear Commandant), and Zhongxiao (Central Commandant); later only the Zuoxiao Ling and Youxiao Ling remained. The Later Han followed this, in charge of left and right laborers for construction work. The Wei dynasty merged Zuoxiao and Youxiao into Cai Guan (Office of Materials). In the Jin dynasty, Zuoxiao and Youxiao were under Shaofu. After the Song dynasty there were also Zuoxiao Ling and Cheng. The Northern Qi also had these positions. In the Sui dynasty, the Zuoyou Xiao Ling and Cheng were under Jiangzuo; the Great Tang followed suit. Two officials of Zuoxiao Office: one Ling and one Cheng. Two officials of Youxiao Office: one Ling and one Cheng.
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| | 將作監: |
甄官署：令、丞一人。後漢有前、後、中甄官令，屬將作。晉有甄官署，掌磚瓦之事。宋、齊、北齊、隋悉有之。大唐因之，掌營磚石瓷瓦。 |
| | Zhen Guan Office: one Ling and one Cheng. In the Later Han there were Qian Zhen Guan Ling, Houxiao Zhen Guan Ling (Rear Zhen Guan Commandant), and Zhong Zhen Guan Ling under Jiangzuo. In the Jin dynasty there was a Zhen Guan Office, in charge of brick and tile matters. The Song, Qi, Northern Qi, and Sui dynasties all had this office. The Great Tang followed it, in charge of producing bricks, stones, porcelain, and tiles for construction projects.
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| | 將作監: |
中校署令：秦漢有，自後無。大唐置令、丞各一人，掌舟車、雜兵仗、廄牧。 |
| | Zhongxiao Office Ling: existed during the Qin and Han dynasties, but was later abolished. In the Great Tang dynasty, one Ling and one Cheng were appointed for this office, in charge of boats, carts, miscellaneous military equipment, stables, and pastures.
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| | 將作監: |
東園主章令：大唐無。 |
| | Dongyuan Zhuzhang Ling: The Great Tang had none.
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| | 國子監: |
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| | 國子監: |
孫卿在齊為三老，稱祭酒。漢吳王濞年老不朝，為劉氏祭酒，則祭酒之名久矣。又漢置博士，至東京，凡十四人，而聰明有威重者一人為祭酒，謂之博士祭酒，蓋本曰僕射，中興轉為祭酒。魏因之。晉武帝咸寧四年，初立國子學，置國子祭酒一人。國子，周之舊名，周官有師氏之職，即魏國子祭酒。晉介幘皁朝服，進賢兩梁冠，佩水蒼玉。舊視侍中、列曹尚書。宋代若不置學，則助教唯置一人，而祭酒、博士常置也。明帝泰始六年，以國學廢，初置總明觀祭酒一人，有玄、儒、文、史四科，科置學士各十人。齊高帝建元四年，有司奏置國學，祭酒準諸曹尚書，博士準中書郎，助教準南臺御史，選經學為先，若其人難備，給事中以還明經者，以本位領。其後國諱廢學。永明三年，立學，尚書令王儉領祭酒，學既建，乃省總明觀。八年，國子博士何胤單為祭酒，疑所服，陸澄等皆不能據，遂以玄服臨試，月餘日，博議定，乃服朱衣。齊、梁號為國師。陳、後魏亦曰國子祭酒。其初定中原，先立太學，置五經博士。北齊國子寺有祭酒一人。隋開皇十三年，國子寺罷隸太常，又改寺為學。仁壽元年，罷國子學，唯立太學一所，省國子祭酒、博士，置太學博士，總知學事。煬帝即位，改國子學為國子監，依舊置祭酒。大唐因之。龍朔二年，改為司成館，又改祭酒為大司成，咸亨初復舊。光宅元年，改國子監為成均監，神龍元年復舊。領國子學、太學、四門、律學、書學、算學，置祭酒一人，掌監學之政。皇太子受業，則執經講說，皆以儒學優重者為之。天寶九載，置廣文館學生進士。 |
| | Sun Qing served as a Sanlao in Qi and was called Jisou. In the Han dynasty, Prince Wu of Wu, Liu Bi, did not attend court due to old age and became a Jisou for the Liu clan; thus, the title "Jisou" has been in use for a long time. In addition, the Han dynasty established the position of Boshi. By the Eastern Capital period, there were fourteen such officials in total, and among them, one who was intelligent and respected would serve as Jisou; this person was called "Boshi Jisou." Originally, the title was Puye, but during the revival period it changed to Jisou. The Wei dynasty followed this practice. In the fourth year of Xinning reign period of Emperor Wu of Jin, the Guizi Xue was first established, with one Guizi Jisou appointed. Guizi is an ancient title from the Zhou dynasty. The Zhou officials had the duty of Shishi, which corresponds to the Wei Guizi Jisou position. In the Jin dynasty, they wore black caps with a red cloth headpiece and official robes for court attendance. They donned the Jinxianniangliang Guan (a two-ribboned cap symbolizing virtue) and were adorned with Qingcangyu jade pendants. Previously, this position was ranked equal to the Shizhong and the heads of various bureaus (Liecao Shangshu). In the Song dynasty, if a school was not established, only one Zhujiao would be appointed; however, Jisou and Boshi positions were regularly maintained. In the sixth year of Taishi reign period of Emperor Ming, because the national school had been abolished, one Zongming Guan Jisou was first appointed. The position oversaw four categories: Xuan (mysticism), Ru (Confucianism), Wen (literature), and Shi (history). Each category employed ten Xueshi scholars. In the fourth year of Jianyuan reign period of Emperor Gao of Qi, officials submitted a proposal to establish a national school. The Guizi Jisou was ranked equal to heads of various bureaus (Shangshu), Boshi were ranked equal to Zhongshulang, and Zhujiao were ranked equal to Nantai Yushi. Priority in selection was given to those with expertise in classics; if suitable candidates could not be found, officials such as Givezhong who had passed the Mingjing examination would hold these positions concurrently. Later, due to a national taboo on certain names, the school was abolished. In the third year of Yongming reign period, a new school was established, and Shangshu Ling Wang Jian concurrently served as Jisou. After the school was built, the Zongming Guan was abolished. In the eighth year, Guizi Boshi He Yin was appointed as Jisou alone. When there was uncertainty regarding his official attire, Lu Cheng and others could not provide a definitive answer. As a result, he attended an examination wearing black robes. After more than a month of extensive discussion, it was finally decided that he should wear red robes instead. The positions in Qi and Liang dynasties were known as Guoshi (National Teacher). The Chen dynasty and the Later Wei also used the title Guizi Jisou. At the beginning of their rule over Zhongyuan, they first established the Taixue and appointed Boshi for the Five Classics. In the Northern Qi dynasty, the Guizi Si had one Jisou official. In the thirteenth year of Kaihuang reign period in the Sui dynasty, the Guizi Si was no longer subordinate to Taichang. The institution was also renamed from "Si" (Temple) to "Xue" (School). In the first year of Renshou reign period, Guizi Xue was abolished and only one Taixue remained. The positions of Guizi Jisou and Boshi were eliminated, and a new position of Taixue Boshi was established to oversee all academic affairs. When Emperor Yang took the throne, he changed Guizi Xue back to Guizi Jian and re-established the Jisou position as before. The Great Tang dynasty followed this system. In the second year of Longshuo reign period (662 AD), it was renamed Sicheng Guan, and the title Jisou was changed to Dashicheng. In the early years of Xianheng, the original titles were restored. In the first year of Guangzai reign period (684 AD), Guizi Jian was renamed Chengjun Jian; in the first year of Shenlong reign period, its original name was restored. It oversaw Guizi Xue, Taixue, Simen, Luxue, Shuxue, Suanxue, One Jisou was appointed, in charge of the administration of the Guizi Jian. When the Crown Prince received instruction, he would hold the classics and listen to lectures; these duties were always assigned to those who excelled in Confucian learning. In the ninth year of Tianbao, students preparing for the Jinshi examinations were placed under Guangwen Guan.
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| | 國子監: |
國子司業：煬帝大業三年，於國子監初置司業一人。禮曰：「樂正司業，父師司成。」因以為名。大唐置二人，副貳祭酒，通判監事。龍朔二年，改為少司成，咸亨初復舊。凡祭酒、司業，皆儒重之官，非其人不居。 |
| | Guizi Siye: In the third year of Daye reign period (607 AD) under Emperor Yang, one Siye was first appointed in Guizi Jian. The Rites say: "Yuezheng oversees the curriculum; Fushi oversees academic achievement." Thus, this title was adopted. The Great Tang dynasty appointed two Siye officials to serve as deputies to the Jisou and jointly oversee affairs of Guizi Jian. In the second year of Longshu reign period (662), it was changed to Shaosicheng, and in the early years of Xianhen, its original title was restored. The positions of Jisou and Siye were all esteemed Confucian posts; they could only be held by those deemed worthy.
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| | 國子監: |
丞：隋置三人，大唐一人。 |
| | Cheng: The Sui dynasty appointed three, while the Great Tang dynasty appointed one.
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| | 國子監: |
主簿：北齊置。隋一人，大唐因之。 |
| | Zhubu: Established in the Northern Qi dynasty. The Sui dynasty had one, and the Great Tang followed this practice.
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| | 國子監: |
國子博士：班固云，按六國時，往往有博士，掌通古今。漢博士多至數十人，冠兩梁。武帝建元五年，初置五經博士。宣帝、成帝之代，五經家法稍增，置博士一人。博士選有三科，高第為尚書，次為刺史，其不通政事，以久次補諸侯太傅。於時孔光為博士，數使錄冤獄，行風俗，以高第為尚書。後漢博士凡十四人，掌以五經教子弟，國有疑事，掌承問對。舊時從議郎為博士，其通叡異藝，入平尚書，出部刺史、諸侯守相，久次轉諫議大夫，中興高第為侍中，小郡若都尉。博士限年五十。安帝以博士多非其人，詔命三公、將軍、中二千石舉博士各一人，務得經明行高，卓爾茂異。是時群僚承風，凡所旌貢，綽有餘裕。後旋復故，遂用陵遲。初，平帝元始四年，改博士為博士師，後漢兼而存之，並擇儒者。魏及西晉朝博士置十九人。武帝咸寧四年，初立國子學，置國子博士一人，皆取履行清淳，通明典義，若散騎常侍、中書侍郎、太子中庶子以上，乃得召試。宋、齊諸博士皆皁朝服，進賢兩梁冠，佩水蒼玉。梁國學有博士二人，天監四年，置五經博士各一人。舊國子學生限以貴賤，武帝欲招來後進，五館生皆引寒門雋才，不限人數。陳因之。後魏、北齊並有之。隋仁壽元年，省國子博士；大業三年，復置一人。大唐增置二人。龍朔二年，改為司成宣業，咸亨初復舊。諸州府亦有經學博士一人。助教：晉咸寧四年，初立國子學，置助教十五人，以教生徒。江左及宋並十人。宋、齊並同。梁國子助教舊視南臺御史，品服與博士同，陳因之。後魏亦有。北齊置十人。隋置四人。大唐國子學助教三人，諸府、州、縣各有助教員。 |
| | Guizi Boshi: Ban Gu said that during the Six States period, there were often Boshi officials who managed knowledge of both ancient and modern times. In the Han dynasty, there were often dozens of Boshi officials, who wore caps with two beams. In the fifth year of Jianyuan period under Emperor Wu, the position of Wujing Boshi was first established. During the reigns of Emperors Xuan and Cheng, the schools of thought for the Five Classics gradually expanded, with one Boshi appointed per school. The selection of Boshi officials was divided into three categories: those with the highest rankings became Shangshu, those in the middle ranks became Cishi, and those who were not well-versed in administrative affairs would be appointed as Tai Fu for feudal lords based on seniority. At that time, Kong Guang served as Boshi and was frequently dispatched to review wrongful cases and promote good customs. He was later promoted to Shangshu due to his high ranking. In the Later Han dynasty, there were a total of fourteen Boshi. The Boshi was responsible for teaching students the Five Classics and answering questions on matters of national importance when requested. In the past, those who served as Yilang could become Boshi. Those with exceptional talent and wisdom in various arts would enter to serve as Ping Shangshu, or be dispatched as Cishi, governors of feudal states, or magistrates. After serving for a long time, they might be promoted to Jianyi 大夫 (Counselor). Outstanding officials during the revival period could become Shizhong, while those governing smaller commanderies would hold positions like Duwei. The position of Boshi had an age requirement of fifty years or older. An Di, because many of the Boshi were not qualified individuals, issued an edict ordering the Three Excellencies, generals, and officials ranked at Zhong Erqianshi to each recommend one candidate for the position of Boshi. The emphasis was on selecting those with profound knowledge of the classics and high moral character—individuals who stood out as exceptionally outstanding. At that time, all officials followed this directive, and those recommended for commendation or nomination were more than sufficient in number and quality. Later, the practice was briefly restored to its former state but soon declined again. Initially, in the fourth year of Yuanshi during Emperor Ping's reign, the title Boshi was changed to Boshi Shi. The Later Han dynasty retained both titles and also selected Confucian scholars. During the Wei dynasty and the Western Jin dynasty, nineteen Boshi were appointed. In the fourth year of Xinning during Emperor Wu's reign, the Guizi Xue (National College) was first established, with one Guizi Boshi appointed. Only those who had a reputation for moral integrity and clarity, and who were well-versed in classical texts and their meanings—such as Sanqi Changshi, Zhongshu Shilang, Taizi Zhongshuzi or of higher rank—were eligible to be summoned for examination. The various Boshi of the Song and Qi dynasties all wore black official robes, wore the Jinxian Erliang Guan (a two-crest cap for scholars), and were adorned with Qingcangyu jade pendants. The Liang dynasty's Guoxue had two Boshi. In the fourth year of Tianjian, one Boshi was appointed for each of the Five Classics. Previously, Guoxue students were limited by their social status. Emperor Wu wished to attract promising young scholars, so all five academies admitted talented individuals from humble backgrounds without restricting the number of students. Chen followed this practice. The Later Wei and Northern Qi dynasties also had such institutions. In the first year of Renshou during the Sui dynasty, the position of Guizi Boshi was abolished; in the third year of Daye, it was reinstated with one person appointed. The Great Tang dynasty increased the number to two appointments. In the second year of Longshuo, it was changed to Sicheng Xuanye; in the early years of Xianheng, the original title was restored. Each commandery and prefecture also had one Jingxue Boshi (Classic Scholar). Zhu jiao: In the fourth year of Xinning in the Jin dynasty, when the Guizi xue was first established, fifteen Zhujiiao were appointed to teach students. The Jiangzuo and Song dynasties both had ten Zhujiiao each. The Song and Qi dynasties followed the same system. In the Liang dynasty, Guizi Zhujiiao were originally ranked equivalent to Nan tai Yushi (Southern Platform Censor), with official rank and attire identical to those of Boshi; Chen followed this practice. The Later Wei dynasty also had such positions. The Northern Qi dynasty appointed ten Zhujiiao. During the Sui dynasty, four Zhujiiao were appointed. In the Great Tang dynasty, three Zhujiiao were assigned to Guizi Xue; various prefectures, commanderies, and counties each had their own appointed Zhujiiao positions.
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| | 國子監: |
太學博士：晉江左增置國子博士十六人，謂之太學博士，品服同國子博士。梁置太學博士八人，陳因之。後魏亦然。北齊國子寺有太學博士十人。後周置太學博士下大夫六人。隋初置太學博士五人，仁壽元年，罷國子，唯立太學，置博士五人；大業三年，減置二人。大唐因之。助教：後魏置。北齊亦有之，置二十人。後周曰太學助教上士。隋又曰太學助教，五人；大業三年，減三人。大唐因之。 |
| | Taixue Boshi: During the Jin dynasty's Jiangzuo period, sixteen Guizi Boshi were added, who were referred to as Taixue Boshi. Their official rank and attire were equivalent to those of Guizi Boshi. The Liang dynasty appointed eight Taixue Boshi, a practice followed by Chen. The Later Wei dynasty was the same in this regard. In the Northern Qi dynasty, the Guizi Si (National College Office) had ten Taixue Boshi. The Later Zhou dynasty appointed six Taixue Boshi Xia Dafu (Junior Officials). At the beginning of the Sui dynasty, five Taixue Boshi were appointed. In the first year of Renshou, Guizi Xue was abolished and only Taixue remained, with five Boshi appointed; in the third year of Daye it was reduced to two appointments. The Great Tang dynasty followed this practice. Zhujiiao: The Later Wei dynasty established the position. The Northern Qi also had this position, appointing twenty individuals. In the Later Zhou dynasty, they were called Taixue Zhujiiao Shangshi (Senior Assistant Teachers of the Imperial Academy). During the Sui dynasty it was again referred to as Taixue Zhujiiao, with five appointed; in the third year of Daye three were reduced. The Great Tang dynasty followed suit.
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| | 國子監: |
廣文館：博士一人，助教一人，並以文士為之，大唐天寶九載置。 |
| | Guangwen Guan: One Boshi and one Zhujiiao were appointed, both positions filled by literary scholars. This was established in the ninth year of Tianbao during the Great Tang dynasty.
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| | 國子監: |
四門博士：後魏書劉芳表：「去太和二十年，立四門博士，於四門置學。按禮記曰『天子設四學』，鄭玄注：『同四郊之虞庠也。』今以其遼遠，故置於四門，請移與太學同處。」從之。北齊二十人，隋五人，大唐三人。助教：北齊國子寺有二十人，隋初則五人，大唐因之。直講四人，大唐初置，無員數，長安四年，始定為四員。大成二十人，大唐置，取貢舉及第人，簡聰明者，試書日誦得一千言，并日試策所習業等十條通七，然後補充，仍散官，祿俸賜會同直官例給。武太后長安中，省，而置直講，定為四員。 |
| | Simen Boshi: According to the Houwei Shu (Book of Later Wei) biography of Liu Fang, "In the twentieth year of Taihe, Simen Boshi were established, and schools were set up at the four gates. According to the Li Ji (Record of Rites): "The Son of Heaven established four schools," and Zheng Xuan's commentary states: "This refers to the four suburban schools, or 'Yuxiang'." Now that they are distant and remote, we have placed them at the Four Gates. I respectfully request to relocate them so they may be housed together with Taixue." The proposal was accepted. In the Northern Qi, twenty were appointed; in the Sui dynasty, five; and in the Great Tang, three. Zhujiiao: In the Northern Qi Guizi Si (National College), twenty were appointed; at the beginning of the Sui, five were appointed; and in the Great Tang dynasty this was followed. Zhijiang: Four Zhijiang were appointed at the beginning of the Great Tang dynasty; there had been no fixed number. In the fourth year of Chang'an, it was officially set to four positions. Dacheng: Twenty Dacheng were appointed in the Great Tang dynasty. They were selected from those who had passed the imperial examinations and been recommended for official positions, choosing the most intelligent individuals. Candidates underwent a test requiring them to recite one thousand characters of text per day, as well as answer ten questions on their studied subjects each day, passing at least seven of them. Only then would they be appointed. They were also granted honorary ranks (san guan), and their salaries, stipends, and benefits followed the same standards as those given to full-time officials. During Empress Wu Zetian's reign in the middle of Chang'an, Dacheng was abolished and replaced with Zhijiang, officially set at four positions.
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| | 國子監: |
律學博士：晉置，屬廷尉，衛覬奏請置律學博士，轉相教授，東晉以下因之。梁曰冑子律博士，屬廷尉。陳亦有律博士。後魏、北齊並有之。隋大理寺官屬有律博士八人。大唐因之，而置一人移屬國學。助教一人，從九品上。 |
| | Luxue Boshi: Established during the Jin dynasty and under the jurisdiction of Tingwei, Wei Ji submitted a proposal requesting the appointment of Luxue Boshi to teach and pass on legal knowledge. This practice was followed by subsequent dynasties from the Eastern Jin onward. In the Liang dynasty it was called Zuozi Luxue Boshi, also under Tingwei's jurisdiction. The Chen dynasty also had Luxue Boshi. Both the Later Wei and Northern Qi dynastes had such positions as well. During the Sui dynasty, among the officials of Dali Si (Ministry of Justice) there were eight Luxue Boshi. The Great Tang dynasty followed this system but transferred one position to Guoxue (National College). One Zhujiiao was appointed, ranked as a Grade 9b official.
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| | 國子監: |
大唐置書學博士三人，又置典學二人。算學博士二人，典學二人。 |
| | In the Great Tang dynasty three Shuxue Boshi were appointed, and also two Dianxue officials. Two Suanxue Boshi and two Dianxue were appointed.
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| | 軍器監: |
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| | 軍器監: |
後周武帝四年，初置軍器監。大唐武德初，置軍器監。貞觀元年，罷軍器大監，置少監，後省之，以其地隸少府監，為甲弩坊。開元初，復以其地置軍器使。至三年，以使為監，更置少監一員，丞二員，主簿一員，錄事一員，及弩坊等署。十一年，悉罷之，復隸少府，為甲弩坊。十六年，移其名於北都，置軍器監。天寶六載，復於舊所置軍器監，監一人，領甲坊、弩坊兩署。 |
| | In the fourth year of Emperor Wu's reign in the Later Zhou dynasty, the Office of Military Equipment was first established. At the beginning of the Wude era in the Great Tang dynasty, the Office of Military Equipment (Junqi Jian) was established. In the first year of the Zhenyuan era, the position of Grand Director of Military Equipment was abolished and replaced with a Deputy Director. Later, this office was also eliminated, and its territory was incorporated under the Office of the Imperial Workshops (Shaofu Jian), becoming the Jia and Nu Fang workshops. At the beginning of the Kaiyuan era, this territory was once again used to establish the Office of Military Equipment Commissioner (Junqi Shi). By the third year, the position of commissioner was changed to that of director (Jian), and one deputy director (Shaolian) was appointed, along with two assistant directors (Cheng), one clerk (Zhubu), one recorder (Lushi), as well as offices such as the Nufang. In the eleventh year, all these positions were abolished and the office was once again placed under the Shaofu Jian, becoming the Jia Nufang workshops. In the sixteenth year, its name was transferred to the Northern Capital, and the Office of Military Equipment (Jian) was established there. In the sixth year of Tianbao, the Office of Military Equipment once again was reestablished at its original location. One director (Jian) was appointed to oversee two offices: Jiafang and Nufang.
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| | 軍器監: |
丞、主簿各一人，大唐置。 |
| | One assistant director (Cheng) and one clerk (Zhubu) were each appointed; these positions were established during the Great Tang dynasty.
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| | 軍器監: |
甲坊署令、丞：周禮考工記曰：「函人為甲。」隋少府有甲鎧署，大唐改焉。 |
| | The Director and Assistant Director of Jiafang Shu: The Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji states, "Han Ren made armor." During the Sui dynasty, the Shaofu had an office called Jia Kai Shu; during the Great Tang dynasty, this was changed.
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| | 軍器監: |
弩坊署令、丞：周禮司弓矢掌四弩。隋有弓弩署，大唐改焉。 |
| | The Director and Assistant Director of Nufang Shu: According to Zhou Li, the official in charge of bows and arrows (Si Gongshi) was responsible for four types of crossbows. During the Sui dynasty there was an office called Gongnu Shu, which was later changed during the Great Tang dynasty.
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| | 都水使者: |
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| | 都水使者: |
虞舜命益作虞，以掌山澤。周官有林衡、川衡二官，掌林麓川澤之禁。漢武帝元鼎二年，初置水衡都尉，掌上林苑，蓋主上林離宮燕休之處。後漢光武省之，并其職於少府。每立秋貙劉之日，輒暫置水衡都尉，事訖省。初，秦漢又有都水長丞，主陂池灌溉，保守河渠，自太常、少府及三輔等，皆有其官。漢武帝以都水官多，乃置左、右使者以領之。至漢哀帝，省使者官。至東京，凡都水皆罷之，併置河隄謁者。漢之水衡都尉，本主上林苑，魏世主天下水軍舟船器械。晉武帝省水衡，置都水臺，有使者一人，掌舟航及運部，而河隄為都水官屬。元康中，復有水衡都尉。懷帝永嘉六年，胡賊入洛陽，都水使者奚濬先出督運得免。江左省河隄。宋都水使者，銅印墨綬，進賢兩梁冠，與御史中丞同。孝武帝初，省都水臺，罷都水使者，置水衡令，孝建元年復置。齊有都水臺使者一人。梁初與齊同，天監七年，改都水使者為大舟卿，位視中書郎，列卿之最末者，主舟航河隄。陳因之。後魏初皆有水衡都尉及河隄謁者、都水使者官，至永平二年，都水臺依舊置二使者。北齊亦置二使者。隋開皇三年，廢都水臺入司農，十三年，復置。仁壽元年，改臺為監，更名使者亦為監。煬帝又改為使者，尋又為監，加置少監，又改監及少監並為令，領舟楫、河渠二署。大唐武德八年，置都水臺，後復為都水署，置令，隸將作。貞觀中，復為都水監，置使者。龍朔二年，改都水使者為司津監丞，咸亨元年復舊。光宅元年，改都水監為水衡，置都尉；神龍元年，復為都水監，置使者二人，分總其事，不屬將作，領舟楫、河渠二署。 |
| | Yu Shun appointed Yi to oversee the mountains and lakes. The Zhou dynasty had two officials, Linheng and Chuanheng, who were responsible for enforcing prohibitions in mountain forests and river wetlands. In the second year of Yuanding reign period of Emperor Wu of Han, the office of Shuiheng Duyi was first established. In charge of Shanglin Garden, It was mainly responsible for the imperial retreats and leisure places within Shanglin Garden. In the Later Han dynasty, Emperor Guangwu abolished it and merged its responsibilities into the Shaofu. On each day of Chuli during the beginning of autumn, the office of Shuihenduyi was temporarily reestablished. The office was abolished after the matter was completed. Initially, during the Qin and Han dynasties, there were also officials called Duishui Zhangcheng who were in charge of embankments, ponds, irrigation, and maintenance of river channels. These offices existed under various departments such as Taichang, Shaofu, and the three Fu regions. Emperor Wu of Han found that there were too many Duishui officials, so he established Left and Right Envoys to oversee them. By Emperor Ai of Han, the position of envoy was abolished. In the Eastern Capital era, all Duishui offices were abolished and replaced with a unified office called Hediti Yezhe. The Shuiheng Duyi of the Han dynasty originally oversaw Shanglin Garden, but during the Wei period, it was responsible for naval forces, boats, and military equipment throughout the empire. Emperor Wu of Jin abolished Shuiheng and established the Duishuitai, which had one envoy in charge of boats, shipping, and transportation. The management of river embankments became part of the responsibilities of the Duishui officials. During the Yuankang period, the office of Shuihing Duyi was once again established. In the sixth year of Yongjia reign period of Emperor Huai, when Hu bandits entered Luoyang, Duishui Envoy Xi Jun left in advance to oversee transportation and thus escaped unharmed. In the southern regions (Jiangzuo), the office of Hediti was abolished. In the Song dynasty, the Duishui Envoy held a bronze seal and wore an ink-colored sash; they also donned the Jinxian Liangliang Guan (a two-plate cap for scholars), which was the same as that of the Zhongcheng of the Yushi. In the early reign of Emperor Xiaowu, the Duishuitai was abolished and the position of Duishui Envoy was discontinued. The office of Shuiheng Ling was established instead; in the first year of Xiaojian, it was reestablished again. The Qi dynasty had one Duishuitai Envoy. At the beginning of the Liang dynasty, it was the same as in Qi. In the seventh year of Tianjian, the title Duishui Envoy was changed to Dazhou Qing, a position equivalent to Zhongshu Lang; it ranked last among the Qing officials and was responsible for boats, shipping, and river embankments. The Chen dynasty followed this system. At the beginning of the Northern Wei dynasty, there were offices for Shuiheng Duyi, Hediti Yezhe, and Duishui Envoys. By the second year of Yongping, the Duishuitai continued to have two envoys in place. The Northern Qi dynasty also established two envoys. In the third year of Kaihuang reign period of the Sui dynasty, the Duishuitai office was abolished and incorporated into the Sinong Department; in the thirteenth year, it was reestablished. In the first year of Renshou reign period, the Tai (office) was changed to Jian (supervisory institution), and the title of Envoy was also renamed as Jian. Emperor Yang changed it back to Envoy, but soon after reverted to Jian and added the position of Shaolian. Later, both Jian and Shaolian were renamed as Ling (Director), overseeing two departments: Zhouji and Hequ. In the eighth year of Wude reign period of the Great Tang dynasty, the Duishuitai (Office of Water Management) was established. Later it was renamed as Duishuishu and a Ling (Director) was appointed, subordinated to Jiangzuo (Imperial Works Department). During the Zhenguan period, it was once again renamed as Duishui Jian (Supervisory Office of Water Management), and Envoys were appointed. In the second year of Longshuo, the title Duishui Shizhe was changed to Sikin Jiancheng; in the first year of Xianheng, it reverted back to its original name. In the first year of Guangzhe, the Duishui Jian was renamed Shuiheng, and a Duyi (commander) position was established; In the first year of Shenlong, it was again renamed Duishui Jian. Two Envoys were appointed to oversee its affairs separately; it no longer belonged to Jiangzuo and oversaw two departments: Zhouji (Boat Affairs) and Hequ (River Channels).
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| | 都水使者: |
丞：漢有水衡丞五人，亦有都水丞。後漢、晉初都水使者有參軍二人，蓋亦丞之職任。宋因之。梁大舟卿有丞。陳因之。後魏、北齊又曰參軍。隋曰都水丞。大唐二人。 |
| | Cheng: In the Han dynasty, there were five Shuiheng Cheng officials, as well as Duishui Cheng. In the Later Han and early Jin dynasties, the Duishui Envoys had two Canjun (military advisors), who were also responsible for duties similar to that of Cheng. The Song dynasty followed this practice. In the Liang dynasty, the Dazhou Qing had a Cheng (deputy). The Chen dynasty followed this. In the Northern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties, they were also called Canjun (military advisor). In the Sui dynasty, they were known as Duishui Cheng. The Great Tang had two of them.
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| | 都水使者: |
主簿：晉水衡都尉有之，為左、右、前、後、中五水衡令，悉皆有之。梁大舟卿亦有之。至隋又置，大唐因之。 |
| | Zhubu: In the Jin dynasty, Shuiheng Duyi had Zhubu officials. The Left, Right, Front, Rear, and Central Five Shuiheng Lings all had them. The Liang dynasty's Dazhou Qing also had a Zhubu official. By the Sui dynasty it was reestablished, and the Great Tang followed this practice.
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| | 都水使者: |
舟楫署令：漢主爵中尉屬官有都船令丞，水衡都尉有楫櫂令丞。晉曰船曹吏。齊曰官船典軍。後周曰舟中士。隋為舟楫署令、丞。大唐因之，令、丞各一人。 |
| | Zhouji Shu Ling: In the Han dynasty, among the subordinate officials of Zhuzhuo Zhongwei were Duochuan Lingcheng and within Shuiheng Duyi there were Jizhao Lingcheng. In the Jin dynasty, they were called Chuancan Li (ship department clerks). In the Qi dynasty, they were known as Guanchuan Dianjun. In the Later Zhou dynasty, they were called Zhouzhong Shi (ship officers). In the Sui dynasty, it became the Ling and Cheng of the Zhouji Shu. The Great Tang followed this system, with one Ling (Director) and one Cheng (Deputy).
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| | 都水使者: |
河渠署：隋煬帝置，令、丞各一人。大唐因之。 |
| | Hequ Shu: Established by Emperor Yang of the Sui dynasty. It had one Ling (director) and one Cheng (deputy). The Great Tang followed this practice.
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