@book{james_introduction_2013,

address = {New York},

series = {Springer texts in statistics},

title = {An introduction to statistical learning: with applications in {R}},

isbn = {978-1-4614-7137-0},

shorttitle = {An introduction to statistical learning},

number = {103},

publisher = {Springer},

editor = {James, Gareth and Witten, Daniela and Hastie, Trevor and Tibshirani, Robert},

year = {2013},

note = {OCLC: ocn828488009},

keywords = {Mathematical models, Mathematical statistics, R (Computer program language), Statistics}

}

@article{schratz_performance_2018,

title = {Performance evaluation and hyperparameter tuning of statistical and machine-learning models using spatial data},

author = {Schratz, Patrick and Muenchow, J. and Iturritxa, Eugenia and Richter, Jakob and Brenning, A.},

year = {2018}

}

@article{coppock_history_1991,

title = {The history of {GIS}},

volume = {1},

url = {https://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/~gisteac/ilw/generic_resources/books_and_papers/Thx1ARTICLE.pdf},

abstract = {Coppock, J. T., and Rhind, D. W. 1991. The History of GIS. In Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Applications, vol. 1, ed. D. J. Maguire, M. F. Goodchild, and D. W. Rhind, pp. 21-43. New York: John Wiley and Sons.},

number = {1},

journal = {Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Applications, vol. 1.},

author = {Coppock, J Terry and Rhind, David W},

year = {1991},

keywords = {History of GIS},

pages = {21--43}

}

@article{thiele_r_2014,

title = {R {Marries} {NetLogo}: {Introduction} to the {RNetLogo} {Package}},

volume = {58},

url = {http://www.jstatsoft.org/v58/i02/paper},

number = {2},

journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},

author = {Thiele, J},

year = {2014},

pages = {1--41}

}

@misc{office_for_national_statistics_workplace_2014,

title = {Workplace {Zones}: {A} new geography for workplace statistics - {Datasets}},

url = {https://data.gov.uk/dataset/workplace-zones-a-new-geography-for-workplace-statistics3},

urldate = {2018-01-13},

author = {{Office for National Statistics}},

year = {2014}

}

@article{hickman_transitions_2011,

title = {Transitions to low carbon transport futures: strategic conversations from {London} and {Delhi}},

volume = {19},

shorttitle = {Transitions to low carbon transport futures},

number = {6},

journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},

author = {Hickman, Robin and Ashiru, Olu and Banister, David},

year = {2011},

pages = {1553--1562}

}

@article{visvalingam_line_1993,

title = {Line generalisation by repeated elimination of points},

volume = {30},

issn = {0008-7041, 1743-2774},

url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1179/000870493786962263},

doi = {10.1179/000870493786962263},

language = {en},

number = {1},

urldate = {2018-01-03},

journal = {The Cartographic Journal},

author = {Visvalingam, M. and Whyatt, J. D.},

month = jun,

year = {1993},

pages = {46--51}

}

@article{tallon_bristol_2007,

title = {Bristol},

volume = {24},

issn = {02642751},

url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264275106000874},

doi = {10.1016/j.cities.2006.10.004},

language = {en},

number = {1},

urldate = {2018-01-03},

journal = {Cities},

author = {Tallon, Andrew R.},

month = feb,

year = {2007},

pages = {74--88}

}

@article{douglas_algorithms_1973,

title = {Algorithms for the reduction of the number of points required to represent a digitized line or its caricature},

volume = {10},

number = {2},

journal = {Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization},

author = {Douglas, David H and Peucker, Thomas K},

year = {1973},

pages = {112--122}

}

@article{jafari_investigation_2015,

title = {Investigation of {Centroid} {Connector} {Placement} for {Advanced} {Traffic} {Assignment} {Models} with {Added} {Network} {Detail}},

volume = {2498},

issn = {0361-1981},

url = {http://trrjournalonline.trb.org/doi/10.3141/2498-03},

doi = {10.3141/2498-03},

language = {en},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board},

author = {Jafari, Ehsan and Gemar, Mason D. and Juri, Natalia Ruiz and Duthie, Jennifer},

month = jun,

year = {2015},

pages = {19--26}

}

@book{horni_multi-agent_2016,

title = {The {Multi}-{Agent} {Transport} {Simulation} {MATSim}},

isbn = {978-1-909188-77-8 978-1-909188-75-4 978-1-909188-78-5 978-1-909188-76-1},

url = {https://www.ubiquitypress.com/site/books/10.5334/baw/},

abstract = {{\textless}p{\textgreater}The MATSim (Multi-Agent Transport Simulation) software project was started around 2006 with the goal of generating traffic and congestion patterns by following individual synthetic travelers through their daily or weekly activity programme. It has since then evolved from a collection of stand-alone C++ programs to an integrated Java-based framework which is publicly hosted, open-source available, automatically regression tested. It is currently used by about 40 groups throughout the world. This book takes stock of the current status.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}The first part of the book gives an introduction to the most important concepts, with the intention of enabling a potential user to set up and run basic simulations.The second part of the book describes how the basic functionality can be extended, for example by adding schedule-based public transit, electric or autonomous cars, paratransit, or within-day replanning. For each extension, the text provides pointers to the additional documentation and to the code base. It is also discussed how people with appropriate Java programming skills can write their own extensions, and plug them into the MATSim core.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}The project has started from the basic idea that traffic is a consequence of human behavior, and thus humans and their behavior should be the starting point of all modelling, and with the intuition that when simulations with 100 million particles are possible in computational physics, then behavior-oriented simulations with 10 million travelers should be possible in travel behavior research. The initial implementations thus combined concepts from computational physics and complex adaptive systems with concepts from travel behavior research. The third part of the book looks at theoretical concepts that are able to describe important aspects of the simulation system; for example, under certain conditions the code becomes a Monte Carlo engine sampling from a discrete choice model. Another important aspect is the interpretation of the MATSim score as utility in the microeconomic sense, opening up a connection to benefit cost analysis.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}Finally, the book collects use cases as they have been undertaken with MATSim. All current users of MATSim were invited to submit their work, and many followed with sometimes crisp and short and sometimes longer contributions, always with pointers to additional references.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}{\textless}p{\textgreater}We hope that the book will become an invitation to explore, to build and to extend agent-based modeling of travel behavior from the stable and well tested core of MATSim documented here.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}},

language = {en},

urldate = {2017-12-29},

publisher = {Ubiquity Press},

author = {Horni, Andreas and Nagel, Kai and Axhausen, Kay W.},

month = aug,

year = {2016},

note = {DOI: 10.5334/baw}

}

@book{hollander_transport_2016,

title = {Transport {Modelling} for a {Complete} {Beginner}},

isbn = {978-0-9956624-1-4},

abstract = {Finally! A book about transport modelling which doesn’t require any previous knowledge. "Transport modelling for a complete beginner" explains the basics of transport modelling in a simple language, with lots of silly drawings, and without using any mathematics. Click here to watch a 3-minute introductory video (or search for the book name on YouTube if the link doesn't show).   This book is aimed at transport planners, town planners, students in transport-related courses, policy advisors, economists, project managers, property developers, investors, politicians, journalists, and anyone else who wants to understand the process of making decisions on transport infrastructure. It is suitable for readers in any country.    The book is split into two parts. The first part is about the principles of transport modelling. This part talks about travel demand, transport networks, zones, trip matrices, the value of time, trip generation, mode split, destination choice, model calibration – lots of scary words that need explaining in order to understand the role of models in the assessment of transport projects. All modes of transport are covered: cars, buses, trains, trucks, taxis, walking, cycling and others. Hot air balloons may be the only transport mode that is hardly mentioned.    The second part of the book covers more strategic issues. It talks about the culture of transport modelling, including the management of transport modelling work, the way model outputs are communicated, and the professional environment where this is done. This part of the book also contains an honest discussion of common modelling practices which should be recommended and others which should not.    “Transport modelling for a complete beginner” will help you ensure that anything you do with a transport model remains fair, effective and based on real evidence.},

language = {English},

publisher = {CTthink!},

author = {Hollander, Yaron},

month = dec,

year = {2016}

}

@techreport{bristol_city_council_deprivation_2015,

title = {Deprivation in {Bristol} 2015},

url = {https://www.bristol.gov.uk/statistics-census-information/deprivation},

institution = {Bristol City Council},

author = {{Bristol City Council}},

year = {2015}

}

@article{coombes_efficient_1986,

title = {An {Efficient} {Algorithm} to {Generate} {Official} {Statistical} {Reporting} {Areas}: {The} {Case} of the 1984 {Travel}-to-{Work} {Areas} {Revision} in {Britain}},

volume = {37},

issn = {01605682},

shorttitle = {An {Efficient} {Algorithm} to {Generate} {Official} {Statistical} {Reporting} {Areas}},

url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2582282?origin=crossref},

doi = {10.2307/2582282},

number = {10},

urldate = {2017-12-18},

journal = {The Journal of the Operational Research Society},

author = {Coombes, M. G. and Green, A. E. and Openshaw, S.},

month = oct,

year = {1986},

pages = {943}

}

@book{maling_coordinate_1992,

address = {Oxford ; New York},

edition = {2nd ed},

title = {Coordinate systems and map projections},

isbn = {978-0-08-037234-1},

publisher = {Pergamon Press},

author = {Maling, D. H.},

year = {1992},

keywords = {Grids (Cartography), Map projection}

}

@incollection{dillon_lomas_2003,

address = {Chicago},

title = {The {Lomas} formations of coastal {Peru}: {Composition} and biogeographic history},

booktitle = {El {Niño} in {Peru}: {Biology} and culture over 10,000 years},

publisher = {Field Museum of Natural History},

author = {Dillon, M. O. and Nakazawa, M. and Leiva, S. G.},

editor = {Haas, J. and Dillon, M. O.},

year = {2003},

pages = {1--9}

}

@book{borcard_numerical_2011,

address = {New York},

series = {Use {R}!},

title = {Numerical ecology with {R}},

isbn = {978-1-4419-7975-9},

publisher = {Springer},

author = {Borcard, Daniel and Gillet, François and Legendre, Pierre},

year = {2011},

note = {OCLC: ocn690089213},

keywords = {Data processing, Ecology, R (Computer program language), Statistical methods}

}

@article{goetz_evaluating_2015,

title = {Evaluating machine learning and statistical prediction techniques for landslide susceptibility modeling},

volume = {81},

issn = {00983004},

url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0098300415000904},

doi = {10.1016/j.cageo.2015.04.007},

language = {en},

urldate = {2017-11-24},

journal = {Computers \& Geosciences},

author = {Goetz, J.N. and Brenning, A. and Petschko, H. and Leopold, P.},

month = aug,

year = {2015},

pages = {1--11}

}

@inproceedings{brenning_spatial_2012,

title = {Spatial cross-validation and bootstrap for the assessment of prediction rules in remote sensing: {The} {R} package sperrorest},

isbn = {978-1-4673-1159-5 978-1-4673-1160-1 978-1-4673-1158-8},

shorttitle = {Spatial cross-validation and bootstrap for the assessment of prediction rules in remote sensing},

url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6352393/},

doi = {10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6352393},

urldate = {2017-11-24},

publisher = {IEEE},

author = {Brenning, Alexander},

month = jul,

year = {2012},

pages = {5372--5375}

}

@article{muenchow_review_2018,

title = {A review of ecological gradient research in the {Tropics}: identifying research gaps, future directions, and conservation priorities},

volume = {27},

issn = {0960-3115, 1572-9710},

shorttitle = {A review of ecological gradient research in the {Tropics}},

url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-017-1465-y},

doi = {10.1007/s10531-017-1465-y},

language = {en},

number = {2},

urldate = {2017-11-23},

journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},

author = {Muenchow, Jannes and Dieker, Petra and Kluge, Jürgen and Kessler, Michael and von Wehrden, Henrik},

year = {2018},

pages = {273--285}

}

@incollection{jenny_guide_2017,

title = {A guide to selecting map projections for world and hemisphere maps},

booktitle = {Choosing a {Map} {Projection}},

publisher = {Springer},

author = {Jenny, Bernhard and Šavrič, Bojan and Arnold, Nicholas D and Marston, Brooke E and Preppernau, Charles A},

editor = {Lapaine, Miljenko and Usery, Lynn},

year = {2017},

pages = {213--228}

}

@article{lovelace_propensity_2017,

title = {The {Propensity} to {Cycle} {Tool}: {An} open source online system for sustainable transport planning},

volume = {10},

copyright = {Copyright (c) 2016 Robin Lovelace, Anna Goodman, Rachel Aldred, Nikolai Berkoff, Ali Abbas, James Woodcock},

issn = {1938-7849},

shorttitle = {The {Propensity} to {Cycle} {Tool}},

url = {https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/view/862},

doi = {10.5198/jtlu.2016.862},

abstract = {Getting people cycling is an increasingly common objective in transport planning institutions worldwide. A growing evidence base indicates that high quality infrastructure can boost local cycling rates. Yet for infrastructure and other cycling measures to be effective, it is important to intervene in the right places, such as along ‘desire lines’ of high latent demand. This creates the need for tools and methods to help answer the question ‘where to build?’. Following a brief review of the policy and research context related to this question, this paper describes the design, features and potential applications of such a tool. The Propensity to Cycle Tool (PCT) is an online, interactive planning support system that was initially developed to explore and map cycling potential across England (see www.pct.bike). Based on origin-destination data it models cycling levels at area, desire line, route and route network levels, for current levels of cycling, and for scenario-based ‘cycling futures.’ Four scenarios are presented, including ‘Go Dutch’ and ‘Ebikes,’ which explore what would happen if English people had the same propensity to cycle as Dutch people and the potential impact of electric cycles on cycling uptake. The cost effectiveness of investment depends not only on the number of additional trips cycled, but on wider impacts such as health and carbon benefits. The PCT reports these at area, desire line, and route level for each scenario. The PCT is open source, facilitating the creation of scenarios and deployment in new contexts. We conclude that the PCT illustrates the potential of online tools to inform transport decisions and raises the wider issue of how models should be used in transport planning.},

language = {en},

number = {1},

urldate = {2017-06-01},

journal = {Journal of Transport and Land Use},

author = {Lovelace, Robin and Goodman, Anna and Aldred, Rachel and Berkoff, Nikolai and Abbas, Ali and Woodcock, James},

month = jan,

year = {2017},

keywords = {Cycling, Participatory, Planning, modelling}

}

@article{moreno-monroy_public_2017,

title = {Public transport and school location impacts on educational inequalities: {Insights} from {São} {Paulo}},

issn = {0966-6923},

shorttitle = {Public transport and school location impacts on educational inequalities},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966692316303453},

doi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.08.012},

abstract = {In many large Latin American urban areas such as the São Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR), growing social and economic inequalities are embedded through high spatial inequality in the provision of state schools and affordable public transport to these schools. This paper sheds light on the transport-education inequality nexus with reference to school accessibility by public transport in the SPMR. To assess school accessibility, we develop an accessibility index which combines information on the spatial distribution of adolescents, the location of existing schools, and the public transport provision serving the school catchment area into a single measure. The index is used to measure school accessibility locally across 633 areas within the SPMR. We use the index to simulate the impact of a policy aiming at increasing the centralisation of public secondary education provision, and find that it negatively affects public transport accessibility for students with the lowest levels of accessibility. These results illustrate how existing inequalities can be amplified by variable accessibility to schools across income groups and geographical space. The research suggests that educational inequality impacts of school agglomeration policies should be considered before centralisation takes place.},

urldate = {2017-10-15},

journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},

author = {Moreno-Monroy, Ana I. and Lovelace, Robin and Ramos, Frederico R.},

month = sep,

year = {2017},

note = {bibtex: moreno-monroy\_public\_2017},

keywords = {Accessibility, Inequality, Latin America, Public transport, Schools}

}

@article{savric_projection_2016,

title = {Projection {Wizard} – {An} {Online} {Map} {Projection} {Selection} {Tool}},

volume = {53},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2015.1131938},

doi = {10.1080/00087041.2015.1131938},

number = {2},

journal = {The Cartographic Journal},

author = {Šavrič, Bojan and Jenny, Bernhard and Jenny, Helen},

year = {2016},

pages = {177--185}

}

@book{rodrigue_geography_2013,

address = {London ; New York},

edition = {3 edition},

title = {The {Geography} of {Transport} {Systems}},

isbn = {978-0-415-82254-1},

language = {English},

publisher = {Routledge},

author = {Rodrigue, Jean-Paul and Comtois, Claude and Slack, Brian},

month = jun,

year = {2013},

note = {bibtex: rodrigue\_geography\_2013}

}

@article{huff_probabilistic_1963,

title = {A {Probabilistic} {Analysis} of {Shopping} {Center} {Trade} {Areas}},

volume = {39},

issn = {0023-7639},

url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3144521},

doi = {10.2307/3144521},

number = {1},

urldate = {2017-11-06},

journal = {Land Economics},

author = {Huff, David L.},

year = {1963},

note = {bibtex: huff\_probabilistic\_1963},

pages = {81--90}

}

@book{venables_introduction_2017,

title = {An {Introduction} to {R}. {Notes} on {R}: {A} {Programming} {Environment} for {Data} {Analysis} and {Graphics}},

url = {http://colinfay.me/intro-to-r/},

abstract = {An Introduction to R is based on the former ‘Notes on R’, gives an introduction to the language and how to use R for doing statistical analysis and graphics.},

urldate = {2017-11-01},

author = {Venables, W.N. and Smith, D.M. and R Core Team},

year = {2017},

note = {bibtex: venables\_introduction\_2017}

}

@book{nolan_xml_2014,

address = {New York, NY},

series = {Use {R}!},

title = {{XML} and web technologies for data sciences with {R}},

isbn = {978-1-4614-7900-0 978-1-4614-7899-7},

abstract = {Web technologies are increasingly relevant to scientists working with data, for both accessing data and creating rich dynamic and interactive displays. The XML and JSON data formats are widely used in Web services, regular Web pages and JavaScript code, and visualization formats such as SVG and KML for Google Earth and Google Maps. In addition, scientists use HTTP and other network protocols to scrape data from Web pages, access REST and SOAP Web Services, and interact with NoSQL databases and text search applications. This book provides a practical hands-on introduction to these technologies, including high-level functions the authors have developed for data scientists. It describes strategies and approaches for extracting data from HTML, XML, and JSON formats and how to programmatically access data from the Web. Along with these general skills, the authors illustrate several applications that are relevant to data scientists, such as reading and writing spreadsheet documents both locally and via GoogleDocs, creating interactive and dynamic visualizations, displaying spatial-temporal displays with Google Earth, and generating code from descriptions of data structures to read and write data. These topics demonstrate the rich possibilities and opportunities to do new things with these modern technologies. The book contains many examples and case-studies that readers can use directly and adapt to their own work},

language = {eng},

publisher = {Springer},

author = {Nolan, Deborah and Lang, Duncan Temple},

year = {2014},

note = {OCLC: 841520665

bibtex: nolan\_xml\_2014}

}

@article{pebesma_r_2012,

title = {The {R} software environment in reproducible geoscientific research},

volume = {93},

issn = {2324-9250},

url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2012EO160003/abstract},

doi = {10.1029/2012EO160003},

abstract = {Reproducibility is an important aspect of scientific research, because the credibility of science is at stake when research is not reproducible. Like science, the development of good, reliable scientific software is a social process. A mature and growing community relies on the R software environment for carrying out geoscientific research. Here we describe why people use R and how it helps in communicating and reproducing research.},

language = {en},

number = {16},

urldate = {2017-10-25},

journal = {Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union},

author = {Pebesma, Edzer and Nüst, Daniel and Bivand, Roger},

month = apr,

year = {2012},

note = {bibtex: pebesma\_r\_2012},

keywords = {0520 Data analysis: algorithms and implementation, 0530 Data presentation and visualization, 1694 Instruments and techniques, 1819 Hydrology: Geographic Information Systems (GIS), 1978 Software re-use, R project, reproducible research},

pages = {163--163}

}

@misc{robinson_impressive_2017,

title = {The {Impressive} {Growth} of {R}},

url = {https://stackoverflow.blog/2017/10/10/impressive-growth-r/},

abstract = {We found in a previous post that Python has a solid claim to being the fastest-growing programming language in terms of Stack Overflow visits.},

urldate = {2017-10-21},

journal = {Stack Overflow Blog},

author = {Robinson, David},

month = oct,

year = {2017},

note = {bibtex: robinson\_impressive\_2017}

}

@article{wickham_split-apply-combine_2011,

title = {The {Split}-{Apply}-{Combine} {Strategy} for {Data} {Analysis}},

volume = {40},

issn = {1548-7660},

url = {http://www.jstatsoft.org/v40/i01/},

doi = {10.18637/jss.v040.i01},

language = {en},

number = {1},

urldate = {2017-10-20},

journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},

author = {Wickham, Hadley},

year = {2011},

note = {bibtex: wickham\_split-apply-combine\_2011}

}

@article{pebesma_classes_2005,

title = {Classes and methods for spatial data in {R}},

volume = {5},

url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/doc/Rnews/},

number = {2},

journal = {R News},

author = {Pebesma, Edzer J. and Bivand, Roger S.},

month = nov,

year = {2005},

note = {bibtex: pebesma\_classes\_2005},

pages = {9--13}

}

@article{loidl_spatial_2016,

title = {Spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of urban bicycle crashes—{A} case study from {Salzburg} ({Austria})},

volume = {52},

issn = {0966-6923},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966692316000302},

doi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.02.008},

abstract = {Most bicycle crash analyses are designed as explanatory studies. They aim to identify contributing risk factors and calculate risk rates based on – most of the time – highly aggregated statistical data. In contrast to such explanatory study designs, the presented study follows an exploratory approach, focusing on the absolute number of crashes. The aim is to reveal and describe patterns and dynamics of urban bicycle crashes on various spatial scale levels and temporal resolutions through a multi-stage workflow. Spatial units are delineated in the network space and serve as initial units of aggregation. In order to facilitate comparisons among regions and quantify temporal dynamics, a reference value of crash frequency is simulated for each unit of the respective spatial scale level and temporal resolution. For the presented case study, over 3000 geo-coded bicycle crashes in the city of Salzburg (Austria) were analyzed. The data set covers 10years and comprises all bicycle crashes reported by the police. Distinct spatial and temporal patterns with clusters, seasonal variations, and regional particularities could be revealed. These insights are indicators for urban dynamics in the transport system and allow for further, targeted in-depth analyses and subsequent counter measures. Moreover, the results prove the applicability of the proposed multi-stage workflow and demonstrate the added value of analyses of small aggregates on various scale levels, down to single crashes, and temporal resolutions.},

number = {Supplement C},

urldate = {2017-10-18},

journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},

author = {Loidl, Martin and Traun, Christoph and Wallentin, Gudrun},

month = apr,

year = {2016},

note = {bibtex: loidl\_spatial\_2016},

keywords = {Bicycle crashes, Exploratory analysis, Spatial and temporal dynamics},

pages = {38--50}

}

@article{tomintz_geography_2008,

title = {The geography of smoking in {Leeds}: estimating individual smoking rates and the implications for the location of stop smoking services},

volume = {40},

url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2008.00837.x/full},

number = {3},

journal = {Area},

author = {Tomintz, Melanie N M.N. and Clarke, Graham P and Rigby, Janette E J.E.},

year = {2008},

note = {bibtex: tomintz\_geography\_2008},

keywords = {geography of smoking, health geography, location-allocation, microsimulation, modelling, stop smoking services},

pages = {341--353}

}

@inproceedings{bivand_open_2000,

title = {Open source geocomputation: using the {R} data analysis language integrated with {GRASS} {GIS} and {PostgreSQL} data base systems},

url = {http://www.geocomputation.org/2000/GC009/Gc009.htm},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th {International} {Conference} on {GeoComputation}},

author = {Bivand, Roger and Neteler, Markus},

editor = {Neteler, Markus and Bivand, Roger S.},

year = {2000},

note = {bibtex: bivand2000open}

}

@book{usgs_u.s._2016,

title = {U.{S}. {Geological} {Survey} ({USGS}) {Earth} {Resources} {Observation} and {Science} ({EROS}) {Center}},

url = {http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/},

author = {{USGS}},

year = {2016},

note = {bibtex: usgs\_u.s.\_2016}

}

@article{muenchow_rqgis:_nodate,

title = {{RQGIS}: {Integrating} {R} with {QGIS} for statistical geocomputing},

journal = {R Journal},

author = {Muenchow, Jannes and Schratz, Patrick and Brenning, Alexander},

note = {bibtex: muenchow\_rqgis:\_????}

}

@article{muenchow_soil_2013,

title = {Soil texture and altitude, respectively, largely determine the floristic gradient of the most diverse fog oasis in the {Peruvian} desert},

volume = {29},

issn = {0266-4674, 1469-7831},

url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0266467413000436},

doi = {10.1017/S0266467413000436},

language = {en},

number = {05},

urldate = {2017-09-21},

journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},

author = {Muenchow, Jannes and Hauenstein, Simon and Bräuning, Achim and Bäumler, Rupert and Rodríguez, Eric Frank and von Wehrden, Henrik},

month = sep,

year = {2013},

note = {bibtex: muenchow\_soil\_2013},

pages = {427--438}

}

@book{liu_essential_2009,

address = {Chichester, West Sussex, UK ; Hoboken, NJ},

title = {Essential image processing and {GIS} for remote sensing},

isbn = {978-0-470-51032-2 978-0-470-51031-5},

publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},

author = {Liu, Jian-Guo and Mason, Philippa J.},

year = {2009},

note = {bibtex: liu\_essential\_2009},

keywords = {Earth (Planet), Geographic information systems, Image processing, Remote sensing, Surface Remote sensing}

}

@book{burrough_principles_2015,

address = {Oxford ; New York},

edition = {Third edition},

title = {Principles of geographical information systems},

isbn = {978-0-19-874284-5},

publisher = {Oxford University Press},

author = {Burrough, P. A. and McDonnell, Rachael and Lloyd, Christopher D.},

year = {2015},

note = {OCLC: ocn915100245

bibtex: burrough\_principles\_2015},

keywords = {Geographic information systems}

}

@article{pebesma_measurement_2016,

title = {Measurement {Units} in {R}},

volume = {8},

url = {https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2016-2/pebesma-mailund-hiebert.pdf},

number = {2},

journal = {The R Journal},

author = {Pebesma, Edzer and Mailund, Thomas and Hiebert, James},

month = dec,

year = {2016},

note = {bibtex: units},

pages = {486--494}

}

@book{tomlin_geographic_1990,

address = {Englewood Cliffs, N.J},

title = {Geographic information systems and cartographic modeling},

isbn = {978-0-13-350927-4},

publisher = {Prentice Hall},

author = {Tomlin, C. Dana},

year = {1990},

note = {bibtex: tomlin\_geographic\_1990},

keywords = {Cartography, Data processing, Geographic information systems}

}

@article{muenchow_predictive_2013,

title = {Predictive mapping of species richness and plant species' distributions of a {Peruvian} fog oasis along an altitudinal gradient},

volume = {45},

issn = {1744-7429},

url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/btp.12049/abstract},

doi = {10.1111/btp.12049},

abstract = {Tropical arid to semi-arid ecosystems are nearly as diverse as more humid forests and occupy large parts of the tropics. In comparison, however, they are vastly understudied. For instance, fog precipitation alone supports a unique vegetation formation, locally termed lomas, on coastal mountains in the Peruvian desert. To effectively protect these highly endemic and threatened ecosystems, we must increase our understanding of their diversity patterns in relation to environmental factors. Consequently, we recorded all vascular species from 100 random 4 × 4 m plots on the fog-exposed southern slope of the mountain Mongón. We used topographic and remotely sensed covariates in statistical models to generate spatial predictions of alpha diversity and plant species' distribution probabilities. Altitude was the most important predictor in all models and may represent fog moisture levels. Other significant covariates in the models most likely refer also to water availability but on a finer spatial scale. Additionally, model-based clustering revealed five altitudinal vegetation zones. This study contributes to a better spatial understanding of the biodiversity and spatial arrangement of vegetation belts of the largely unknown but highly unique lomas formations. Furthermore, mapping species richness and plant species' distributions could support a long-needed lomas strategic conservation scheme.},

language = {en},

number = {5},

urldate = {2017-08-28},

journal = {Biotropica},

author = {Muenchow, Jannes and Bräuning, Achim and Rodríguez, Eric Frank and von Wehrden, Henrik},

month = sep,

year = {2013},

note = {bibtex: muenchow\_predictive\_2013},

keywords = {El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), La Niña, biodiversity conservation, climatic gradient, lomas, species distribution models, species richness model, tropical plant diversity},

pages = {557--566}

}

@article{krug_clearing_2010,

title = {Clearing of invasive alien plants under different budget scenarios: using a simulation model to test efficiency},

volume = {12},

shorttitle = {Clearing of invasive alien plants under different budget scenarios},

url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-010-9827-3},

number = {12},

urldate = {2017-08-24},

journal = {Biological invasions},

author = {Krug, Rainer M. and Roura-Pascual, Núria and Richardson, David M.},

year = {2010},

pages = {4099--4112}

}

@book{brzustowicz_data_2017,

address = {Beijing Boston Farnham},

edition = {First edition},

title = {Data science with {Java}: [practical methods for scientists and engineers]},

isbn = {978-1-4919-3411-1},

shorttitle = {Data science with {Java}},

language = {eng},

publisher = {O´Reilly},

author = {Brzustowicz, Michael R.},

year = {2017},

note = {OCLC: 993428657},

keywords = {Data Mining, Data mining Software, Datenanalyse, Java, Java (Computer program language)}

}

@inproceedings{rowlingson_rasp:_2003,

title = {Rasp: {A} {Package} for {Spatial} {Statistics}},

url = {https://www.r-project.org/conferences/DSC-2003/Proceedings/RowlingsonEtAl.pdf},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd {International} {Workshop} on {Distributed} {Statistical} {Computing}},

author = {Rowlingson, Barry and Baddeley, Adrian and Turner, Rolf and Diggle, Peter},

editor = {Hornik, Kurt},

year = {2003},

note = {bibtex: rowlingson\_2003

bibtex[editors=Kurt Hornik and Friedrich Leisch and Achim Zeileis]}

}

@book{wulf_invention_2015,

address = {New York},

edition = {First American Edition},

title = {The invention of nature: {Alexander} von {Humboldt}'s new world},

isbn = {978-0-385-35066-2 978-0-345-80629-1},

shorttitle = {The invention of nature},

publisher = {Alfred A. Knopf},

author = {Wulf, Andrea},

year = {2015},

keywords = {Germany, Humboldt, Alexander von, Naturalists, Scientists}

}

@book{livingstone_geographical_1992,

address = {Oxford, UK ; Cambridge, USA},

title = {The {Geographical} {Tradition}: {Episodes} in the {History} of a {Contested} {Enterprise}},

isbn = {978-0-631-18586-4},

shorttitle = {The {Geographical} {Tradition}},

abstract = {The Geographical Tradition presents the history of an essentially contested tradition. By examining a series of key episodes in geography′s history since 1400, Livingstone argues that the messy contingencies of history are to be preferred to the manufactured idealizations of the standard chronicles. Throughout, the development of geographical thought and practice is portrayed against the background of the broader social and intellectual contexts of the times. Among the topics investigated are geography during the Age of Reconnaissance, the Scientific Revolution and The Englightenment; subsequently geography′s relationships with Darwinism, imperialism, regionalism, and quantification are elaborated.},

language = {English},

publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons Ltd},

author = {Livingstone, David N.},

month = dec,

year = {1992}

}

@book{wood_java_2002,

address = {London ; New York},

title = {Java programming for spatial sciences},

isbn = {978-0-415-26097-8 978-0-415-26098-5},

publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},

author = {Wood, Jo},

year = {2002},

note = {bibtex: wood\_java\_2002},

keywords = {Geographic information systems, Java (Computer program language)}

}

@article{qiu_development_2012,

title = {The {Development} of an {Areal} {Interpolation} {ArcGIS} {Extension} and a {Comparative} {Study}},

volume = {49},

issn = {1548-1603},

url = {http://bellwether.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2747/1548-1603.49.5.644},

doi = {10.2747/1548-1603.49.5.644},

number = {5},

urldate = {2017-08-07},

journal = {GIScience \& Remote Sensing},

author = {Qiu, Fang and Zhang, Caiyun and Zhou, Yuhong},

month = sep,

year = {2012},

pages = {644--663}

}

@article{tobler_smooth_1979,

title = {Smooth {Pycnophylactic} {Interpolation} for {Geographical} {Regions}},

volume = {74},

issn = {0162-1459, 1537-274X},

url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1979.10481647},

doi = {10.1080/01621459.1979.10481647},

language = {en},

number = {367},

urldate = {2017-08-07},

journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},

author = {Tobler, Waldo R.},

month = sep,

year = {1979},

pages = {519--530}

}

@book{bivand_spdep:_2017,

title = {spdep: {Spatial} {Dependence}: {Weighting} {Schemes}, {Statistics} and {Models}},

url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=spdep},

author = {Bivand, Roger},

year = {2017}

}

@book{bivand_maptools:_2017,

title = {maptools: {Tools} for {Reading} and {Handling} {Spatial} {Objects}},

url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=maptools},

author = {Bivand, Roger and Lewin-Koh, Nicholas},

year = {2017}

}

@book{garrard_geoprocessing_2016,

address = {Shelter Island, NY},

title = {Geoprocessing with {Python}},

isbn = {978-1-61729-214-9},

publisher = {Manning Publications},

author = {Garrard, Chris},

year = {2016},

note = {OCLC: ocn915498655

bibtex: garrard\_geoprocessing\_2016},

keywords = {Cartography, Computer programs, Data processing, Geospatial data, Python (Computer program language)}

}

@book{longley_geographic_2015,

address = {Hoboken, NJ},

edition = {Fourth edition},

title = {Geographic information science \& systems},

isbn = {978-1-118-67695-0},

abstract = {"Effective use of today's powerful GIS technology requires an understanding of the science of problem-solving that underpins it. Since the first edition published over a decade ago, this book has led the way, with its focus on the scientific principles that support GIS usage. It has also provided thorough, upto- date coverage of GIS procedures, techniques and public policy applications. This unique combination of science, technology and practical problem solving has made this book a best-seller across a broad spectrum of disciplines. This fully updated 4th edition continues to deliver on these strengths"--},

publisher = {Wiley},

author = {Longley, Paul},

year = {2015},

note = {bibtex: longley\_geographic\_2015},

keywords = {Geographic information systems, Technology \& Engineering / Remote Sensing \& Geographic Information Systems}

}

@article{rowlingson_splancs:_1993,

title = {Splancs: {Spatial} point pattern analysis code in {S}-plus},

volume = {19},

issn = {0098-3004},

shorttitle = {Splancs},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/009830049390099Q},

doi = {10.1016/0098-3004(93)90099-Q},

abstract = {In recent years, Geographical Information Systems have provided researchers in many fields with facilities for mapping and analyzing spatially referenced data. Commercial systems have excellent facilities for database handling and a range of spatial operations. However, none can claim to be a rich environment for statistical analysis of spatial data. We have made some powerful enhancements to the S-Plus system to produce a tool for display and analysis of spatial point pattern data. In this paper we give a brief introduction to the S-Plus system and a detailed description of the S-Plus enhancements. We then present three worked examples: two from geomorphology and one from epidemiology.},

number = {5},

urldate = {2017-07-20},

journal = {Computers \& Geosciences},

author = {Rowlingson, B. S and Diggle, P. J},

month = may,

year = {1993},

keywords = {Epidemiology, Geographical Information Systems, Geomorphology, Software, Spatial statistics},

pages = {627--655}

}

@book{brenning_arcgis_2012,

title = {{ArcGIS} {Geoprocessing} in {R} via {Python}},

url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RPyGeo},

author = {Brenning, Alexander},

year = {2012}

}

@book{bivand_spgrass6:_2016,

title = {spgrass6: {Interface} between {GRASS} 6 and {R}},

url = {http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=spgrass6},

author = {Bivand, Roger},

year = {2016}

}

@article{bivand_comparing_2015,

title = {Comparing {Implementations} of {Estimation} {Methods} for {Spatial} {Econometrics}},

volume = {63},

url = {http://www.jstatsoft.org/v63/i18/},

number = {18},

journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},

author = {Bivand, Roger and Piras, Gianfranco},

year = {2015},

pages = {1--36}

}

@book{baddeley_spatial_2015,

address = {London},

title = {Spatial {Point} {Patterns}: {Methodology} and {Applications} with {R}},

url = {http://www.crcpress.com/Spatial-Point-Patterns-Methodology-and-Applications-with-R/Baddeley-Rubak-Turner/9781482210200/},

publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC Press},

author = {Baddeley, Adrian and Rubak, Ege and Turner, Rolf},

year = {2015}

}

@book{rowlingson_splancs:_2017,

title = {splancs: {Spatial} and {Space}-{Time} {Point} {Pattern} {Analysis}},

url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=splancs},

author = {Rowlingson, Barry and Diggle, Peter},

year = {2017}

}

@book{venables_modern_2002,

address = {New York},

edition = {Fourth},

title = {Modern {Applied} {Statistics} with {S}},

url = {http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/MASS4},

publisher = {Springer},

author = {Venables, W. N. and Ripley, B. D.},

year = {2002}

}

@book{university_sgeostat:_2016,

title = {sgeostat: {An} {Object}-{Oriented} {Framework} for {Geostatistical} {Modeling} in {S}+},

url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=sgeostat},

author = {University, S. original by James J. Majure Iowa State and Gebhardt, R. port + extensions by Albrecht},

year = {2016}

}

@book{bivand_rgrass7:_2016,

title = {rgrass7: {Interface} {Between} {GRASS} 7 {Geographical} {Information} {System} and {R}},

url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rgrass7},

author = {Bivand, Roger},

year = {2016}

}

@book{perpinan_rastervis_2016,

title = {{rasterVis}},

url = {http://oscarperpinan.github.io/rastervis/},

author = {Perpiñán, Oscar and Hijmans, Robert},

year = {2016}

}

@article{kahle_ggmap:_2013,

title = {ggmap: {Spatial} {Visualization} with ggplot2},

volume = {5},

url = {http://journal.r-project.org/archive/2013-1/kahle-wickham.pdf},

number = {1},

journal = {The R Journal},

author = {Kahle, David and Wickham, Hadley},

year = {2013},

pages = {144--161}

}

@book{hijmans_geosphere:_2016,

title = {geosphere: {Spherical} {Trigonometry}},

url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=geosphere},

author = {Hijmans, Robert J.},

year = {2016}

}

@book{jr_geor:_2016,

title = {{geoR}: {Analysis} of {Geostatistical} {Data}},

url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=geoR},

author = {Jr, Paulo J. Ribeiro and Diggle, Peter J.},

year = {2016}

}

@book{akima_akima:_2016,

title = {akima: {Interpolation} of {Irregularly} and {Regularly} {Spaced} {Data}},

url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=akima},

author = {Akima, Hiroshi and Gebhardt, Albrecht},

year = {2016}

}

@article{calenge_package_2006,

title = {The package adehabitat for the {R} software: tool for the analysis of space and habitat use by animals},

volume = {197},

journal = {Ecological Modelling},

author = {Calenge, C.},

year = {2006},

pages = {1035}

}

@article{wieland_market_2017,

title = {Market {Area} {Analysis} for {Retail} and {Service} {Locations} with {MCI}},

volume = {9},

url = {https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2017/RJ-2017-020/index.html},

number = {1},

journal = {The R Journal},

author = {Wieland, Thomas},

year = {2017},

note = {bibtex: RJ-2017-020},

pages = {298--323}

}

@book{brunsdon_introduction_2015,

address = {Los Angeles},

edition = {1 edition},

title = {An {Introduction} to {R} for {Spatial} {Analysis} and {Mapping}},

isbn = {978-1-4462-7295-4},

abstract = {"In an age of big data, data journalism and with a wealth of quantitative information around us, it is not enough for students to be taught only 100 year old statistical methods using 'out of the box' software. They need to have 21st-century analytical skills too. This is an excellent and student-friendly text from two of the world leaders in the teaching and development of spatial analysis. It shows clearly why the open source software R is not just an alternative to commercial GIS, it may actually be the better choice for mapping, analysis and for replicable research. Providing practical tips as well as fully working code, this is a practical 'how to' guide ideal for undergraduates as well as those using R for the first time. It will be required reading on my own courses." - Richard Harris, Professor of Quantitative Social Science, University of Bristol R is a powerful open source computing tool that supports geographical analysis and mapping for the many geography and ‘non-geography’ students and researchers interested in spatial analysis and mapping. This book provides an introduction to the use of R for spatial statistical analysis, geocomputation and the analysis of geographical information for researchers collecting and using data with location attached, largely through increased GPS functionality. Brunsdon and Comber take readers from ‘zero to hero’ in spatial analysis and mapping through functions they have developed and compiled into R packages. This enables practical R applications in GIS, spatial analyses, spatial statistics, mapping, and web-scraping. Each chapter includes: Example data and commands for exploring it Scripts and coding to exemplify specific functionality Advice for developing greater understanding - through functions such as locator(), View(), and alternative coding to achieve the same ends Self-contained exercises for students to work through Embedded code within the descriptive text.  This is a definitive 'how to' that takes students - of any discipline - from coding to actual applications and uses of R.},

language = {English},

publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},

author = {Brunsdon, Chris and Comber, Lex},

month = feb,

year = {2015}

}

@article{bivand_implementing_2000,

title = {Implementing functions for spatial statistical analysis using the language},

volume = {2},

url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/CJRPUMB78JUYH54W.pdf},

number = {3},

urldate = {2017-07-12},

journal = {Journal of Geographical Systems},

author = {Bivand, Roger and Gebhardt, Albrecht},

year = {2000},

pages = {307--317}

}

@book{lamigueiro_displaying_2014,

title = {Displaying time series, spatial, and space-time data with {R}},

publisher = {CRC Press},

author = {Lamigueiro, Óscar Perpiñán},

year = {2014}

}

@article{bivand_using_2000,

title = {Using the {R} statistical data analysis language on {GRASS} 5.0 {GIS} database files},

volume = {26},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098300400000571},

number = {9},

urldate = {2017-07-11},

journal = {Computers \& Geosciences},

author = {Bivand, Roger S.},

year = {2000},

pages = {1043--1052}

}

@article{harris_more_2017,

title = {More bark than bytes? {Reflections} on 21+ years of geocomputation},

shorttitle = {More bark than bytes?},

url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/eprint/w8cyKwmUSwrQ9KDrJABu/full},

doi = {10.1177/2399808317710132},

abstract = {This year marks the 21st anniversary of the International GeoComputation Conference Series. To celebrate the occasion, Environment and Planning B invited some members of the geocomputational community to reflect on its achievements, some of the unrealised potential, and to identify some of the on-going challenges.},

language = {en},

urldate = {2017-07-10},

journal = {Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science},

author = {Harris, Richard and O’Sullivan, David and Gahegan, Mark and Charlton, Martin and Comber, Lex and Longley, Paul and Brunsdon, Chris and Malleson, Nick and Heppenstall, Alison and Singleton, Alex and Arribas-Bel, Daniel and Evans, Andy},

month = jul,

year = {2017}

}

@inproceedings{hornik_approaches_2003,

title = {Approaches to {Classes} for {Spatial} {Data} in {R}},

url = {https://www.r-project.org/nosvn/conferences/DSC-2003/Proceedings/Bivand.pdf},

urldate = {2017-06-27},

booktitle = {Proceedings of {DSC}},

author = {Bivand, Roger},

editor = {Hornik, Kurt and Leisch, Friedrich and Zeileis, Achim},

year = {2003},

note = {bibtex: hornik\_approaches\_2003}

}

@book{baddeley_spatial_2015-1,

title = {Spatial point patterns: methodology and applications with {R}},

publisher = {CRC Press},

author = {Baddeley, Adrian and Rubak, Ege and Turner, Rolf},

year = {2015}

}

@book{sherman_desktop_2008,

title = {Desktop {GIS}: {Mapping} the {Planet} with {Open} {Source} {Tools}},

publisher = {Pragmatic Bookshelf},

author = {Sherman, Gary},

year = {2008}

}

@article{bivand_more_2001,

title = {More on {Spatial} {Data} {Analysis}},

volume = {1},

number = {3},

journal = {R News},

author = {Bivand, Roger},

year = {2001},

pages = {13--17}

}

@article{ripley_spatial_2001,

title = {Spatial {Statistics} in {R}},

volume = {1},

number = {2},

journal = {R News},

author = {Ripley, Brian D},

year = {2001},

pages = {14--15}

}

@article{muenchow_geomorphic_2012,

title = {Geomorphic process rates of landslides along a humidity gradient in the tropical {Andes}},

volume = {139-140},

issn = {0169555X},

url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169555X11005551},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.10.029},

language = {en},

urldate = {2017-06-23},

journal = {Geomorphology},

author = {Muenchow, J. and Brenning, A. and Richter, M.},

month = feb,

year = {2012},

pages = {271--284}

}

@book{wickham_advanced_2014,

title = {Advanced {R}},

url = {http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466586963 http://adv-r.had.co.nz http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466586963 http://adv-r.had.co.nz},

publisher = {CRC Press},

author = {Wickham, Hadley},

year = {2014}

}

@article{graser_processing:_2015,

title = {Processing: {A} {Python} {Framework} for the {Seamless} {Integration} of {Geoprocessing} {Tools} in {QGIS}},

volume = {4},

issn = {2220-9964},

shorttitle = {Processing},

url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/4/4/2219/},

doi = {10.3390/ijgi4042219},

language = {en},

number = {4},

urldate = {2017-06-12},

journal = {ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information},

author = {Graser, Anita and Olaya, Victor},

month = oct,

year = {2015},

pages = {2219--2245}

}

@book{neteler_open_2008,

address = {New York, NY},

edition = {3. ed},

title = {Open source {GIS}: a {GRASS} {GIS} approach},

isbn = {978-0-387-35767-6 978-0-387-68574-8},

shorttitle = {Open source {GIS}},

language = {eng},

publisher = {Springer},

author = {Neteler, Markus and Mitasova, Helena},

year = {2008},

note = {OCLC: 255568974

bibtex: neteler\_open\_2008},

keywords = {Analyse, Computerkartographie, GIS, GRASS, GRASS (Electronic computer system), Geographic information systems, Geoinformationssystem, Open source, Open source software, Programm, Programmierung, Raster, Software, Vektor, Visualisierung}