// Controller standards
func (ctrl *UserController) Create(c *gin.Context) {
    // Use application.TraceCtx(ctx)
    ctx := application.TraceCtx(c.Request.Context())
    
    // Validate input with ShouldBind
    var req dto.CreateUserRequest
    if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
        return echo.Error(c, errcode.InvalidParams, err)
    }
    
    // Call logic layer
    user, err := ctrl.logic.CreateUser(ctx, req)
    if err != nil {
        return echo.Error(c, err)
    }
    
    return echo.Success(c, user)
}

// Logic standards
func (l *UserLogic) CreateUser(ctx context.Context, req dto.CreateUserRequest) (*vo.UserVO, error) {
    // Business validation
    if err := l.validateUser(ctx, req); err != nil {
        return nil, errs.NewBusinessErr(errs.ValidationFailed, err.Error())
    }
    
    // Transaction handling
    tx := model.BeginCtxTx(ctx)
    defer tx.Rollback()
    
    // Create user
    user, err := l.userRepo.Create(ctx, req.ToModel())
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    
    if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    
    return vo.FromUser(user), nil
}

// Service standards
type UserService struct {
    Ctx context.Context
    repo UserRepository
}

func NewUserService(ctx context.Context, repo UserRepository) *UserService {
    return &UserService{
        Ctx: ctx,
        repo: repo,
    }
}

func (s *UserService) Create(ctx context.Context, user *model.User) error {
    // Domain logic with proper error handling
    if err := s.validateUserDomain(user); err != nil {
        return errs.NewBusinessErr(errs.ValidationFailed, err.Error())
    }
    
    return s.repo.Create(ctx, user)
}

// Structured logging with proper context
func (s *Service) ProcessOrder(ctx context.Context, order *Order) error {
    // Error level
    if err := s.validate(order); err != nil {
        cdslog.W(ctx).Error("order validation failed",
            zap.String("order_id", order.ID),
            zap.Error(err))
        return err
    }
    
    // Info level
    cdslog.W(ctx).Info("processing order",
        zap.String("order_id", order.ID),
        zap.String("status", order.Status))
        
    // Debug level
    cdslog.W(ctx).Debug("order details",
        zap.Any("order", order))
        
    return nil
}

// Integration test with test containers
func TestIntegration_UserFlow(t *testing.T) {
    // Setup test containers
    postgres, err := testcontainers.NewPostgresContainer()
    require.NoError(t, err)
    defer postgres.Terminate(context.Background())
    
    // Initialize test application
    app := NewTestApplication(postgres.GetDSN())
    
    // Test cases
    tests := []struct {
        name    string
        request dto.CreateUserRequest
        want    int
    }{
        {
            name: "valid user creation",
            request: dto.CreateUserRequest{
                Email: "[email protected]",
            },
            want: http.StatusOK,
        },
    }
    
    for _, tt := range tests {
        t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
            resp := app.CreateUser(tt.request)
            assert.Equal(t, tt.want, resp.Code)
        })
    }
}

// Error definition
var (
    ErrUserNotFound = errs.NewBusinessErr(40001, "user not found")
    ErrInvalidInput = errs.NewBusinessErr(40002, "invalid input parameters")
)

// Error handling in service
func (s *Service) GetUser(ctx context.Context, id string) (*User, error) {
    user, err := s.repo.Find(ctx, id)
    if err != nil {
        if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
            return nil, ErrUserNotFound
        }
        // Log error with trace ID
        cdslog.W(ctx).Error("failed to find user",
            zap.String("user_id", id),
            zap.Error(err))
        return nil, err
    }
    return user, nil
}

// Standardized error response
type ErrorResponse struct {
    Code    int         `json:"code"`
    Message string      `json:"message"`
    Data    interface{} `json:"data,omitempty"`
}